Brief Information About PWD Maharashtra working
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To address this issue, a training scheme has been developed that requires all new recruits to undergo a brief period of training in the office of the S.E., V.& Q.C. before being assigned to any actual work. This Handbook has been created to guide the new recruits during this training period. Its purpose is to provide a comprehensive overview of the department's key features and to draw attention to the various other handbooks and codes that the recruits must read before embarking on their duties.
It is strongly recommended that all new recruits to the department thoroughly review this Handbook before assuming any work responsibilities. By doing so, they will be better equipped to handle their duties and avoid costly errors that could harm both themselves and the department.
The task of preparing the Handbook was entrusted to Shri. D.V. Dhawad, S.E., V.& Q.C.C, Nagpur. He has taken great pains to prepare the Handbook. Any suggestions for improving this Handbook are welcome, and encourage you to share them in the comment section below.
ORGANISATION
Website:- http://www.mahapwd.gov.in/
1.0 FUNCTIONS OF THE DEPARTMENT
1.1 The Public Works Department of Govt. of Maharashtra deals with construction and maintenance of roads & bridges, Gov t. buildings, Rest houses & Circuit houses, Airstrips & minor ports. Similarly, the department executes construction works on behalf of other Depts.1 bodies such as Universities, Police Housing Corporation etc, as Deposit Contribution work. During natural calamities like flood, earthquake etc., the department executes the relief works like as construction of temporary sheds for shelter etc. The department also executes Employment Guarantee Scheme works connected with construction of roads, assigned by the district administration. The works connected with security of VVIP's like construction of Helipads, erection of platform for public meetings, barricading etc., are executed by the department on behalf of district administration. The work of valuation of buildings, rent certificate for private building occupied for Govt. Offices, private schools etc. is also done by the Deptt.
2.0 ORGANISATION OF THE DEPARTMENT
2.1 The organisation of the Public Works Department is three fold.
(i) Apex
level Mantralaya level headed by two Secretaries.
(ii) Field level Regional Chief Engineers.
(iii) Other support At State level & regional level.
2.2 The tree chart of the whole organisation is exhibited at Appendix 1 & 11, which clearly indicates the entire organisational structure.
2.3 The functions of the other units of the deptt., like Electrical, Architectural, Designs, Vigilance & Quality Control, Parks & Gardens are given below;
2.3.1 Electrical Organisation :
This organisation is headed by the C.E. at state level. The function of this wing,is to carry out all works connected with erection & maintenance of electrical installations in all Govt. buildings, on roads & bridges. This wing also carries out inspection & certification of electrical installations, lifts in Govt. & private premises under the Indian Electricity Act.
2.3.2 Architectural Organisation :
The organisation is headed by the Chief Architect at the state level supported by Dy. Chief Architects at the regional level. Their function is to prepare layout and drawings for building/ building projects, approval to layout of important buildings before execution etc.,
2.3.3 Designs Organisation
This organisation is headed by three S.E's, one for building & two for bridges. Their main function is to prepare, R.C.C. design & drawings for buildings, proposals for major bridges, approval to the proposals on alternative designs & preparing type plans for bridge structures etc. The organisation is the brains trust & think tank of the department.
2.3.4 Vigilance & Quality Control Organisation
This organisation works at the regional level headed by S.E.'s. The S.E. is assisted by two E.E's, one for vigilance & the other for quality control. Their functions are three fold.
a) Vigilance - Mainly to enquire into complaints about the works, carrying out surprise inspection of work etc.
b) Quality Control -- To carry out inspection of works from the quality aspect. Similarly, the material testing laboratories are also under Quality Control organisation.
c) Training of Departmental Staff :- The S.E.V. & Q.C. Circle carry-out training programmes for all categories of technical staff of the department. When deputed for such training programmes, attendance is compulsory unless exempted by the C.E.
3.0 DUTIES & RESPONSIBILITIES OF VARIOUS OFFICERS :
3.1 The Engineering Officers in the Department in order of hierarchy are -
1. Chief
Engineer as head of Region.
2. Superintending Engineer as head of Circle.
3. Executive Engineer as head of Division.
4. Deputy Engineer as head of the Sub-Division & the
5. Junior Engineer as head of the Section.
3.2 Their duties & responsibilities in general are as below. In addition to this, Govt. has prescribed duties & responsibilities from time to time.
3.2.1 Chief Engineer
He is the
head of P.W. Region in the field. He is the Professional head of the department
and is responsible to Government, He is the responsible professional adviser to
Government in all matters relating to Public Works. The Chief Engineers have
full powers to accord technical sanction to estimates of works.
(For more details refer para.23 to 26 of MPW Manual)
3.2.2 Superintending Engineer
He is head of the Circle in the field, and is responsible to Chief Engineer for administration and general professional control of public works under charge of the officers of the department within his circle. (For details see MPW Manual para.27 to 32)
3.2.3 Executive Engineer :
He is head. of the executive unit of the department i.e. Division. He is responsible to Superintending Engineer for the execution & management of all works within his division. He is also ex-officio professional advisor to ail departments of the administration within the limits of his charge. (For details see MPW Manual para.33 to 44)
3.2.4 Deputy Engineer
3,2.4.1 The cadre consists of following officers who are incharge of the Sub-Division, i.e. Assistant Executive Engineer/ Assistant Engineer-Grade 1 / Sub-Divisional Engineer/ Sub-Divisional Officer. The Assistant Executive Engineer is a Ciass-1 Officer recruited directly through Public Service Commission, & is usually posted as Ex. Engineer after 4 years of service.
3.2.4.2 A Division is further divided into Sub-Divisions in the charge of Deputy Engineer. These officers are responsible to E.E. incharge of the division for execution and management of works within their sub-division. (For details see MPW Manual para. 45-46)
3.2.5 Junior Engineer
The cadre of Jr Engineers consists of following officers who are incharge of the section under.the sub-division. i.e. 1. Assistant Engineer, Gr-li. 2. Sectional Engineer. 3. Jr. Engineer.
3.2.6 Divisional Accountant
The Divisional Accountant or Divisional Accounts Officer Gr 1/ Gr-11 is posted to every division by the Accountant General. The primary duty is for maintenance of proper accounts in the divisional office. He acts as financial adviser to the E.E. as well as the primary auditor of all bills before payment. (For details see MPW Account code para.4-2-1 to 4-2-7)
4.0 DUTIES & RESPONSIBILITIES SPECIFIC TO JR. ENGINEERS :
4.1 The Junior Engineer is the first technical officer, of the Department, working under Dy. Engineer who comes in day- to-day c@ntact of construction and maintenance of works like roads, buildings, bridges, culverts, airstrips, ports, harbours etc., and E.G.S works. He is directly responsible for execution of above works. He is responsible for watching day-to-day progress and quality of work, supervising the work as per specification, maintaining record for store materials consumption on work, material at site, maintaining quality control records carrying out quality control tests as per norms and taking measurements.
4.2 He is also responsible for maintaining muster rolls of the labourers working under his charge, recording of musters and measurement books and submitting the same to Sub-Division for payment.
4.3 He should inspect all existing, road, building and bridge works from time to time and specifically as per norms and time-table fixed for such inspections. He must carp,, out pre-monsoon and post-monsoon inspections of bridges and C.D. works.
4.4 He should assess the requirement of materials like, cement, steel, asphalt etc. for construction and maintenance work within his charge and submit it to Sub-Division office. He should report about the repair works to be carried out for roads, bridges, buildings or any other structure in his charge. In case of emergencies like, breach of road, damages to bridges, damages/ collapse of buildings, flood damages and earth-work damages, the matter should be immediately brought to the notice of higher officers. Simultaneously, whatsoever possible remedial measures should be initiated by him. If, in his opinion a structure has become dangerous to users or occupants he must act immediately to inform the superiors and take steps'to prevent accident & loss of life.
4.5 He is responsible for submitting accounts of all stores, materials, Tools & Plants (T & P) and other instruments under his charge.
4.6 He should submit all monthly, quarterly and yearly returns to the Sub-Division office at appropriate time, such as quarry charts, Road Metal Returr, M.R), Material at site Account (M.S.A), Arboriculture, encroachments, completion reports, dismantled material accounts etc.
4.7 He is responsible for supervising E.G.S works allotted to him.
4.8 He should also submit fortnightly, monthly or quarterly progress reports of E.G.S work, in addition to returns of quarry and road side metal (RMR). Duties and responsibilities of Junior Engineer specifically with reference to execution of works are given in P.W.D Circular No. CEC-1178 /CR-252/ Desk. 4, dated 11.4.1978.
4.9 Responsibilities regarding road maintenance work are elaborated at page 15 of the booklet titled "Instructions for maintenance of Roads" - 1984. (in Marathi)
5.0 INTER DEPARTMENTAL CO-ORDINATION :
5.1 The Public Works Department is required to work in coordination with various other important departments during the course of execution and management of works. Since it carries out civil works for all departments it comes in contact with officers of all departments. Due to its role as Engineer to Govt. it comes in contact with large spectrum of public as well.
5.2 Problems and difficulties some times arise during the course of execution of works. They could be also mistakes on the part of P.W.D. Officers or on the part of officers of other department at various levels.
5.3 Generally, the problem is to be sorted out at the leve 1 where it arises. However, there are many problems for which reference has to be made to higher levels of officers so that the higher level officers can intervene & settle the problem. It is advisable to refer the problem to one's 'superior as soon as it becomes clear that it can not be solved at one's own level. This applies to all officers & saves time.
5.4.1 Junior Engineer
i) Naib
Tahsildar/Tahsildar of Revenue Department.
ii) Police Sub lnsoector/inspector of Police Deptt.
iii) Range Forest Officer of Forest Deptt.
iv) Medical Officer of Health Deptt.
5.4.2 Deputy Engineer :
i)
Tahsildar/S.D.O/L.A.O.of Revenue Deptt.
ii) Dy 5.P./ Asstt. Commissioner of Police Deptt.
iii) A.C.F./D.F.O of Forest Deptt.
iv) Medical Officer of Health Deptt.
v) Project Officer of Tribal Welfare Deptt.
5.4,3 Executive Engineer
i)
Collector/Addi. Collector/ Deputy Commissioner of Revenue Deptt.
ii) S.P/D.C.P of Police Deptt.
iii) Deputy Conservator/Conservator of Forest Deptt.
iv) Dy. Director, Health Services/ Civil Surgeon/ D.H.O. (Z.R) of Health Deptt.
v) Project Officer of Tribal Welfare Deptt.
5.4.4 Superintending Engineer':
i)
Commissioner/ Collector of Revenue Deptt.
ii) DIG/ Commissioner of Police.
iii Conservator/Chief Conservator of Forest Deptt.
iv) Dy. Director of Health Deptt.
v) Addl. Commissioner Tribal Welfare Deptt
5.4.5 Chief Engineer
i)
Commissioner of Revenue Deptt.
ii) Commissioner of Policell.G.of Police/ D.I.G. of Police.
iii) Chief Conservator / Principal Chief Conservator of Forest Deptt.
iv) Director of Health Services.
vi) Commissioner, Tribal Welfare Deptt.
vii) Addi.Commissioner, Tribal Deptt.
GENERAL WORKING OF THE DEPARTMENT
1.0 BUDGET:
1.1 The budget is financial statement of yearly receipts & expenditure prepared by the Government & submitted to the Legislative Assembly/ Council for approval. It contains receipt/Expenditure figures of all departments, proposed during the year. The PWD budget consists of allocation for construction of roads & bridges headwise, the allocation for maintenance of roads, bridges, buildings. The budget booklet consists of information such as name of work, estimated cost, expenditure till previous year and allocation for the current year for all new & old works.
1.2 The most important thing is that expenditure on any work can not be incurred, unless that work appears in the budget. Breach of this rule is considered very grave.
1.3 In case of emergency, the Govt. can draw contingent fund advance (C.F. Advance) to permit taking up works urgently. Such works are then to be got included in the budget in the immediate next session of the Assembly.
2.0 ADMINISTRATIVE APPROVAL
2.1 It is the consent of the concerned department for taking up the work for execution & incurring expenditure f or that work. Unless the work is administratively approved it does not find place in the budget. (For details refer para.,132 to 134 of MPW Manual)
3.0 PLANS & ESTIMATE
3.1 For assessing the correct amount required for execution of works, the Plans & Estimates are prepared. The Ps.& Es. are prepared after duly surveying the site of work, carrying out soil investigations and locating the source of material of proper quality of work required for work. This last is very important because it costs money to transport materials to worksite.
3.2 ORIGINAL WORK:
These are the works where new construction of roads, buildings, bridges or strengthening/ widening of existing road work is taken up. These works appear in the budget individually. These are called plan works & involve creation of new assets.
3.3 MAINTENANCE WORK :
3.3.1 These are the works carried out for maintenance of existing assets like buildings, bridges or roads etc. The budget grants are placed in L.S. under respective category of work. These are also called non-plan works. The maintenance works are divided into following categories -
i) Current
repairs.
ii) Special repairs.
iii) Specified repairs.
3.3.2 The P.W.D. can be called as the parent department so far as roads & bridges are concerned. The various categories of roads for which maintenance & construction is carried by the deptt. are classified in the 1981-2001 Road Development Plan as under,
1 . National
Highways & Expressways, Primary system.
2. State Highways, Secondary system.
3. Major District roads, Secondary system.
4. Other district roads, Tertiary system.
5. Village roads, Tertiary system.
3.3.3 The books of 1981-2001 Road Development plan are available-for India as a whole & also for Maharashtra State and also each district. District & Taluka maps showing all the plan roads are also available. As a rule funds'are to be spent for roads included in these plans only. The M.0.S.T. Central Govt. is the authority for planning & funding the primary system. The State RWD. acts as its agent for execution of works on it. For the secondary & tertiary system the state P.W.D. is the authority for planning & funding the works on them.
3.3.4 Each Department plans & provides funds for all the building required by it. The P.W.D. plans & funds the buildings like common administrative buildings, rest houses, residential quarters meant for allotment in a common pool to officers & staff of all departments. The P.WD. does the actual construction & maintenance of all Govt. buildings.
3.4 SURVEYING FOR PREPARATION OF PS & ES The survey work is carried out before preparing Ps. & Es for correct assessment of the site & for feasibility of the work in question. In case of road/ bridge/ Airstrips works, probable alignments are drawn by plotting L-Section & cross section, as required. For building works contour survey is required except for small buildings on level sites. In addition the soil survey is also carried out for deciding the nature/strength of soil & type of foundation. After the survey all plotting is dorle to scale & then based on the finally selected alignment/ site, the estimate is prepared. The reader is referred to the "Guidelines for preparation of Road Projects".
3.5 TECHNICAL SANCTION
For every work proposed to be carried out, a properly detailed estimate is prepared for sanction of the competent authority. This sanction is called "Technical Sanction". In short it is the approval of the Engineering Officer to the technical provisions for the work like strength & quality of materials, proportioning of various elements of structure of the work and the technical provision for works and the rates at which the work can be carried out by the deptt. The powers of T.S. are given to various Engineering Officers of the deptt. & are mentioned in Appendix-42 of the MPW Manual, as amended by the Govt. Resolution No.DPW-11891(57) Audit, dated 18th Nov.1996.
3.6 DISTRICT SCHEDULE OF RATES OR CURRENT ,SCHEDULE OF RATES (D.S.R.)
Earlier, the rates for different items of estimate are adopted from the D.S.R which is the document listings the various items of works & unit rates enforce for the current year. It is approved every year by the Superintending Engineer of the circle for particular district separately. For items not included in the D.S.R. a rate a.nalysis, is to be prepared and got approved from the S.E.
Note:- Now the Whole Maharastra state PWD uses single SSR (State Schedule of Rates)
4.0 TENDER:
4.1 After the estimate for work is technically sanctioned & if there is sufficient provision in the budget, the work is taken up in hand for execution. For the purpose, sealed tenders must be invited from the contractors for all works, excluding works given to Labour Co-operative Societies upto Rs. 2.0 lacks. For works costing above Rs. 50,0001- the advertisement must be published in news papers as per rules. For smaller works the advertisement can be by way of notice displayed on notice boards of various offices. (For details see para 202 of MPW Manual.)
4.2 A tender advertisement is an open invitation to any intending contractor for submitting a sealed tender for execution of that work at rates/ cost quoted by the contractor The Contractors registered in appropriate class with the P.W.D. can only submit a tender for any work being carried out on contract. (For details see para 200 to 216 of MPW Manual.)
4.3 After the sealed tenders are opened by the competent officer, the tenders are evaluated & the work is allotted generally to the contractor whose tender is according to the conditions of the tender notice & is the cheapest. The contract agreement is signed by the E.E.& the contractor, after payment of the required security deposit, by the contractor. The contract agreement lays down the time for completion of the work. This time limit is a very important element of the contract.
4.4 WORK ORDER:
After signing the agreement, the contractor is given the order to actually start the work & complete it within the stipulated time mentioned in the contract. This is called the "work order'.
4.5 MEASUREMENT OF THE WORKS & RECORDING OF MEASUREMENT:
As the work allotted to contractor progresses, he is required to be paid as per the contract condition & agreed rates. For this purpose, the basis is measurement of the work completed till the date. The measurements are taken by tape/ level etc., and are recorded in the "Measurement Book" in order of items executed and appearing in the tender document. The measurement books are issued to the Jr. Engineer by his superior Dy. Engineer, who in turn gets it from the Executive Engineer under the signature of the Divisional Accountant. The measurement book is numbered. This is the most single important document in the possession of the Jr. Engineer. All payments are based on measurements recorded in the measurement book, subject to checking of a certain percentage of measurements by Dy. Engineer/ Ex. Engineer etc. as per the MPW Manual, The hidden measurements are checked 100% by Deputy Engineer.
Measurement of work is to be taken seriously. One must apply a tape or levelling staff actually to the part to be measured. Recording of measurements also implies that the work has been carried out,according to all the details in the wording of the item & to correct specifications. If any lacunae in these,respect is noticed, it must be reflected in reduced payment to contractor. Failure in this respect or writing of wrong or false measurements is a serious offence attracting even criminal prosecution.
4.6 BILLS & PAYMENTS TO THE CONTRACTOR:
Based on the measurement of work, the abstract consisting of quantity of items, rates & amount is prepared & recorded in the M.B. The same thing is then written in the prescribed bill form. (Running Account Bill/ final bill form.) The bill is then scrutinised by the Dy. Engineer & submitted to the Dn. Office in triplicate alongwith relevant M.B's & statements of recoveries. The bill is then scrutinised in the Division by the Auditor & the D.A. then puts up to E. E. for passing. After the bill is passed by the E.E., the cheque is drawn & signed by Divisional Accountant (D.A.) and Executive Engineer (E.E.) & then issued to the contractor, after obtaining a stamped receipt from him. The bill copy & the M.B's are returned to the Sub-Division.
4.7 COMPLETION DRAWINGS & RECORDS
After the work is completed & paid for in the above manner, the final bill is prepared. At the time of completion, final drawing of the work, as executed, is, prepared for verification of bills & future reference for repairs etc. Similarly record A,B,C, are also completed in case of important buildings & bridge works. (For details refer para.321 of MPW Manual )
5.0 RULES & REGULATIONS FOR EXECUTION OF WORKS : (Brief Reference)
5.1 The works are executed as per rules framed under MPW Manual & the accounts maintained as per procedures laid down in the M.P.W. Accounts code. It is utmost necessary ,y to go through these two books initially to get an insight into working & working methods of the department.
5.2 The works are executed either'departmentally or on contracts. The normal method carrying out works is on contracts.
5.3 DEPARTMENTAL
EXECUTION OF WORKS
When a work is carried out by adopting any of the methods given below,.it is
called "departmental execution of work". Whenever it is necessary to
carry out a work a departmentally, a J.E. must obtain permission from his
superiors.
i) By engaging daily labour The labourers are engaged, their attendance is marked on the muster roll & they are paid daily wages as per wages inforce.
ii) Piece Work :- If the work for which only rate is agreed upon by a piece worker without reference to quantity of work to be done or the time within which it is to be completed, then such works are carded out on A-1 or A-2 form. The maximum limit for executing works on A-1/A-2 form is Rs. 2.00 lakhs in each case. The rates are adopted from the D.S.R.
iii) Rate List :- In this system, petty works can be carried out by a number of piece workers on schedules of cost known as rate lists without reference to quantity & time. The maximum limit for a rate list work is Rs. 62,500/-. The rates are adopted from the D.S.R.
5.4. CONTRACT:
5.4.1 The term contract does not include piece work & rate list nor does it include materials or stores purchased under requisition. All other works done or supply made under agreement, is termed "contract work'. Such agreements should.stipulate the quantity of work to be done a rate at which it is to paid & the time within which it is to be completed, besides other conditions of penalties & liabilities.
5.4.2 Various types of contract documents forms which are followed in the department are as below -
B-1 form :- This is used when the tenders are invited on percentage basis. The.contractor has to quote the rate in terms of percentage above or below the estimated amount or Schedule B amount.
ii) B-2 form 4, This is used when the tenders are invited on item rate basis. The contractor has to quote the rates item wise.
iii) C-Form :- This is used when the tenders are invited on lump-sum basis. The contractor quotes the cost for the work to be done.
iv) D-Form :- This is used for store supplies like steel/ cement, maintenance items etc.
v) E-Form :- This form is used generally for transportation work of metal, asphalt, steel, cement etc.
6.0 LABOUR CO-OPERATIVE SOCIETIES :
The labour co-operative societies are given the works costing upto Rs.2.00 lakhs, at estimated rates without inviting tenders. The list of works to be awarded to the societies is to be sent to the district level committee, who awards work to societies directly based on their classifications. Not more than three works at a time are to be given to any society. The work has to be carried out on one of the contract forms. (More details in MPW Manual para.188 to 234)
7.0 REGISTRATION OF CONTRACTORS
The contractors are registered in various categories, depending on their financial capacity and work experience. There are in all seven 'categories of registration based on capacity to tender for work.
1. Class 1
Without Limit.
2. Class 11 Upto Rs. 3.00 crore.
3. Class Ill - Upto Rs. 1.00 crore.
4. Class IV - Upto Rs. 50.00 lakhs.
5. Class IVA - Upto Rs. 30.00 lakhs.
6. Class V - Upto Rs. 15.00 lakhs.
7. Class VI - Upto Rs. 5.00. lakhs.
8. Class Vil - - Upto Rs. 2.00 lakhs.
The unemployed graduate/ Diploma Engineers who are domiciled in Maharashtra State are given direct registration in class VI with exemption from EMD & relaxation in paying Security Deposit.
8.0 M.P.W. MANUAL:
All the works of the P.WD. & the Irrigation Department are carried out as per the rules contained in this manual. Every entrant to the department must study this manual thoroughly.
9.0 M.RW. ACCOUNTS CODE:
This code gives rules & instructions regarding treasury, financial & accounting procedures to be observed in connection with transactions relating to State Public Works. In short, it gives rules for preparing & maintaining proper accounts.
10.0 CONTINGENT EXPENDITURE RULES
These rules relate to expenditure in connection with management of the office, expenditure like library books, stationery, office rent, telephone, electricity bills etc.
11. 0 MAHARASHTRA TREASURY RULES
These
rules relate to transactions with the treasuries in general, connected with
Govt. money. The rules pertain to our day to day working in connection with
works, cheque book, cash chest, reconciliation of cheques drawn, pay / T.A.
bills, withdrawals of cash for contingent expenditure etc.
PLANS, ESTIMATES, TENDERS AND SPECIFICATIONS
1.0 PREPARATION OF PLANS
& ESTIMATES
The various stages involved in correct preparation of Plans & Estimates are
explained below -
2.0 SURVEY & PREPARATION OF PLAN :
For any road or bridge project, the technical,feasibility is decided by the
preliminary & final survey. In case of new bridge work, the survey is
done for 2-3 alignments and after considering pros & cons of various
alignments, the final alignment is decided. The survey work for bridge should consist of 1) L-& Cross section, 2) C.D. work catchment survey, 3)
Cross section of river, 4) Assessment of correct H.F.U O.F.L etc. The final
drawings should consist of correct design & layouts and horizontal &
vertical sections.
3.0 Assessment Of QUARRY AND QUARRY MATERIALS
The success & economy of the project depends to a great extent on good
quality of construction material available at nearby locations. It is,
therefore necessary that, nearest quarries with good materials like sand,
metal, murum, etc. satisfying the technical requirements should be selected.
The good quality material should also be available in sufficient quantity so
that the project gets completed without an shortage of materials.
4.0 QUARRY
LEAD & LEAD STATEMENTS
To ascertain the correct distance of quarry via nearest road to site of work is
an important task. For this purpose, the quarry,chart is prepared showing
correct location of the quarry, road to be used for transportation & distances
upto site involved. Considering this, the lead statement is prepared. This lead
statement gives the lead for each section of work from the quarry & the
cost of transportation as per D.S.R. Thus, it gives total cost of unit quantity
of material upto the site of work. Some times factors like railway level
crossing, no entry to trucks during certain hours etc. affect the. cost of
transportation. These must be considered.
5.0 ROYALTY
For extraction of any construction material, like sand, metal, murum etc.
from the Govt. land, a fee has to be paid to Govt. It is called
"Royalty". This fee is to be paid by the contractor'to the Collector
& later on refund is to be claimed for the material utilised for Govt.
work. For this purpose, a letter is to be given to the Collector intimating the
name of contractor, name of work & approximate quantity of materials
required. Based on that, the Collector gives authority to extract materials
under the "Minor Minerals Act" to the concerned agency. No provision
for royalty is made in the Rate Analysis or the estimate, since it is
refundable to the contractor.
6.0 RATE ANALYSIS OF ITEMS OF WORK
For working out rates for finished item of work, rate analysis is done. It
includes basic rate in the D.S.R. plus transportation costs of materials, like
cement, steel, Asphalt, murum, sand, & metal. Thus, this becomes the
finished rate.
7.0 CORRECT
ESTIMATION OF QUANTITIES AS PER APPROVED PLAN DRAWING
This is done by taking measurements of respective items from the drawings
& then computing the quantity. Based on this quantity & the rates
worked out from Rate Analysis, the cost of item is decided. The quantities
should be decided correctly otherwise, it affects the tender/ agreement
condition.
8.0 INCLUSION OF ALL & SUNDRY ITEMS FOR COMPLETION OF WORKS:
8.1 It is important to sees that all main & sundry items are correctly considered in the estimate to avoid under estimation. This may lead to cropping up of unnecessary extra items during execution, cost overruns & subsequent revision of estimate. Before preparing any estimate, it is expected that the site of work is inspected thoroughly and all difficulties visualised. The estimator should mentally carry out the work to appreciate the real expenses.
8.2 The fixed centage charges for water electricity etc. are added in the estimate in addition to fixed charges for contingencies, wlc establishment, Quality Control charges etc. Even some lumsum (L.S.) provisions for fencing, land development, and approach road etc., are shown in the estimate. It is necessary that the requirement is fairly assessed before inclusion on L.S. basis. Similarly, the turn over tax, is also to be added in the estimate on fixed basis.
8.3 Many a times the cost of cement, steel, asphalt considered in the estimate from the D.S.R is on a lower side, than the actual issue cost of these material ex-store. In such case, debit to estimate of extra cost is given, which inflates the estimated cost. In such cases, proper provision on this account should be added to the estimate.
9.0 PREPARATION OF ESTIMATE BOOKLET:
PROPER
REPORTING
A general report giving the background of the work, necessity of the work,
necessity of provisions of the work, special & normal
circumstances prevailing at that time, design features etc., is included at the
beginning of the estimate. It should explain why the provisions are made in the
estimates the way they are made.
10.0 ADMINISTRATIVE
& FINANCIAL SANCTIONS
No work can be started unless it receives Administrative Approval or
Financial sanction (by way of inclusion in repairs programme) by the competent
authority and funds,' are specifically provided for the work in the budget or
in repairs programme.
11.0 PREPARATION OF TENDER PAPERS/ DOCUMENTS
11.1 The first step towards starting a work on contract or piece work agreement is preparation of draft tender papers, commonly referred to as "D.TP". This document is prepared and sent for approval to the competent authority. After approval fair copies of tender documents are prepared for sale to the contractors. This document consists of 1) Detailed tender notice, 2) General conditions of contract, 3) Form of agreement like B-1/ B-2, C, D, E, etc., 4) Schedu)e-'A', 5) Schedule-'B', 6) Schedule-'C '. Some details applicable to contract form B-1, B-2, A-1, A-2 are given in following paras'.
11.2 Preparing
Schedule 'B' of Tender
It is some times referred to as the bill of quantities also. It is based on
the abstract of the estimate. It shows item wise quantity, exact detailed
wording of the item, unit. (rate & amount, also in case of percentage rate
tender on B-1 or A-1 form.) It is to be seen that all items of abstract are
included in this schedule, otherwise permission to delete certain/ some items
should be obtained from the competent authority for splitting of work. Page Wise
total of amount should be carried out. There should not be any mistake in
wording, quantity and unit. This schedule is very important & basis for
recording measurements & preparation of running/ final bills. Since any mistake
in it can lead to a lot of complications and disputes, it must be prepared with
great care.
11.3 Preparation
of Schedule "C" of the Tender
This gives basically the detailed specification for every item included in
Schedule-'B'. This gives item of work & specifications. Generally, all
items are covered under specifications prescribed in the standard specification
Vol.-(/11 of Govt. of Maharashtra or M.0.S.T specification for roads &
bridges. Relevant paras are quoted against the wording of the items. If some minor
modifications/ additions/ deletions in the specification are to be done then
they are shown in that column.If some detailed specification is to be given,
then it is added separately, quoting reference against that item 'separately
attached'. This schedule has got to be scrutinised & completed carefully
since many disputes regarding scope & definition of work can arise with the
contractor.
11.4 Preparing
Schedule 'A’ of the Tender
This schedule gives the table which shows materials to be supplied by the
deptt., quantity, rate'of recovery & place of delivery. The quantities of
material required are worked out from quantifies of items in abstract &
rates of standard consumption for those items. The schedule 'A also gives the
conditions pertaining to issue, recovery & penalties etc. Now a days the
policy is not to issue any material to contractors on Schedule-'9 in case of
works costing over Rs. 30.00 lakhs. The contractors can themselves procure all
material required for work.
11.5 Calculation
of Labour, Material & POL Component
Some tender document has an escalation clause. This clause provides for
giving compensation to the contractor on account of rise in the cost of
construction materials, Labour & POL (Pdtrol, Oil, Lubricants). The
standard formulas have been prescribed. This can be worked out with due
practice & knowledge of the formulaes. The percentages worked out are to be
mentioned in the document in the appropriate place.
In majority of cases for construction work, B-1/B-2 forms are used. C-form is used for big works & particularly on alternative design of contractors. These forms are prescribed by the Govt. They. are available in printed forms. All the information for relevant clauses, likeClause. 2, Clause. 20, Clause. 38, escalation clause etc,is to be filled in carefully & properly & at other appropriate places, wherever required. Field officers are not permitted to change any condition of the standard contract form.
11.7 Processing
for Approval to Draft Tender Papers
The booklet is thus prepared in the above manner consisting of all above
articles. Each page is signed by the EE 1 DA 1 DE and processed to competent
authority i.e. EE 1 SE 1 CE based on powers of tender acceptance for approval.
11.8 Approval
to Tender Document
The competent authority then scrutinises the DTP with respect to provision
in the tender notice such as notice period, completion period etc., and other
provisions in Schedule A,B,C, with reference to sanctioned estimate, specification
etc. All corrections are attested. The approved copy is then used as reference
copy for preparation of tender booklets for sale to contractors.
1 1.9 Publicity
of Tender Notice
The tenders are to be invited in a most public manner. Therefore, the tender
notice is published in the newspaper. It shows cost of work, class of
contractor, period of completion, tender document fees, period of sale,date of
receipt & opening. The copy of this notice is also included in the tender
document.
11.10 Receipt
& Finalisation of Tender
The tenders are received in the office of SE/EE as the case may be, on due
date upto the time mentioned only. On the same day, if possible, tenders are
opened in the presence of all contractors/ representatives. The rates are read
out and recorded by the tender opening officer. The tenders are then evaluated
& generally awarded to the contractor who quotes lowest rates.
11.11 Security
Deposit & Work Order
The successful contractor is then asked to deposit security deposit,
generally between 2 to 4 % of tender value. On receipt of Security Deposit
(S.D.) the Executive Engineer issues work order to the contractor stating the
time within which the work is to be completed as per agreed rates &
conditions.
11.12 Duties
Pertaining to Contract
The J.E. acts as representative of the Engineer-inCharge (i.e. the E.E.)
and therefore he has to perform in the best interest of Engg.-fn-Charge &
bring to his notice immediately, from time to time any violation\ deviation of
the contract provisions. He has to guide & help the contractor to carry out
the work as per specifications.
11.13 Extra
Items
The items of work which are not included in Schedule-'B' & which are
required to be executed for completion of work are termed as "Extra
item". The extra items are governed by conditions of contract for quantity
& rates. The payment of Extra item is done separately on EIRL (Extra item
rate list) as approved by competent authority. The Extra items should be
min;rv-,um as far as possible.
12.0 SPECIFICATION FOR EXECUTION OF WORKS :
12.1 The works in P.W.D. are executed as per the specifications prescribed by various authorities. Some such references are given below which are normally used. The mention of specification No. detailed specification is given in the Schedule-C of tender documents.
12.1.1 Standard
Specification Vol. 1 & 11 Published by Govt. of Maharashtra : (Red Book
Specification)
These specifications are used for construction of road, building &
bridge works. Detailed procedures are prescribed as to how an item is to be
executed, measured & paid for. It is necessary that the fresh entrants go
through these volumes thoroughly, in the initial.days of service & also
refresh from time to, time.
12.1.2 Specification
for Road & Bridge Work by Ministry of Surface Transport :
These specifications deal with bridge & road works. These are used
mostly for National Highway works. However, these specifications are
increasingly being used for bituminous Hot mix Hot laid works and for larger
road works of state also.
12.1.3 Indian Standards Institution i.e. I.S. Code (Now B.1.S. Code)
The I.S. Codes prescribe in detail the standards adopted for various materials, test procedures etc. Knowledge of I.S. Codes frequently referred in various specifications should be gained by reading from time to time.
EXECUTION OF WORK
1.0 IMPORTANT
ASPECTS IN EXECUTION OF WORKS (Building, Bridges, Culverts, Roads, etc.) :
The Junior Engineer is the engineer at the site of any construction work like
buildings, bridge, roads, etc., who looks after day to day working of
the project. He is the first responsible engineering officer. The efforts taken
& the strict supervision on his part have direct relation to quality of
work. He should therefore get conversant with various aspects of execution of
work, to discharge the duties efficiently.
2.0 DETAILED
STUDY OF CONCERNED DOCUMENTS
The basic document related to work is the estimate. Therefore it should be
thoroughly studied for its scope & provisions. The relevantlvalid drawings
should also be thoroughly studied & understood properly. Next comes the
tender document & specification of items. The provision in the tender
document (A copy certified by D.A. should always be available with the
J.E.) should be studied with reference to time limit, escalation, defect
liability, progress schedule & quantities & rates mentioned. Then
specifications relevant to the tender items should be thoroughly gone through.
3.0 LAYOUT
OF THE WORK
The correct layout of any structure is very important. It is therefore
necessary that a correct foundation plan is drawn. The layout should therefore
be done correctly to true fines, dimensions & locations. It should be cross
checked for right angles, diagonals etc. In case of important buildings, it
should be got approved from the Architect's wing. All layouts should be got
approved from the Dy. Engineer. For correct layout of important roads &
bridges precision survey should be done. The junction pillars beyond layout
area should be erected, marked, painted & maintained through out for
reference.
4.0 EXCAVATION & APPROVAL OF FOUNDATION
4.1 After the correct layout is marked, cross checked and approved, the excavation for foundation starts. Before starting excavation, it is necessary that ground levels are taken correctly and recorded in level book and the foundation plan. The levels at all junctions of building, should be taken at a large no. of points to give correct idea of ground occupied in foundation. The excavated material shou!d be dumped sufficiently away from the foundations as not to interfere with construction. The useful material obtained from excavation like murum, sand, stone etc.,should be stacked separately & properly measured & accounted for. It should be reused for back filling of foundations, plinth & other useful work. Such entries should be maintained in the M.B.
4.2 Basic principles of safety should be observed at site to avoid accidents. Unauthorised entries to site of work should be prohibited. Proper licence for explosives should be obtained by the contractor & whenever explosives are required to be stored at site, proper magazines as per rules must be insisted on.
4.3 After the foundation is excavated for dimension & upto levels specified in the drawing or as approved by competent'authority, the same with sketch, levels & reasons for approving at that particular level should be mentioned in the foundation passing order. The foundation should be passed by competent authority in clearcut orders & entry to that effect must be made in the work order book, by Deputy/Executive Engineer as the case may be. It is important to see that the safe bearing capacity of the stratum on which the foundation is rested is not less than that assumed in the technical sanction of the design. It is neither enough nor correct to take foundation to the depths shown in the drawing without reference to the type of strata. The plinth level should be got approved from his superiors.
4.4 The classification of strata right from ground level upto foundation level should be done & recorded by the competent authority, i.e. Deputy 1 Executive Engineer as the case may be. (Circular No. PWD / RMR-1 090 / 162 / Roads-1, dated 26.7.1991 & No.RMR-1087/4845/Road-1, dated, 9.12.1987)
5.0 SHUTTERING 1 CENTERING WORK
5.1 The concrete is such a wonderful thing which acquires exact shape of the mould in which it is placed. For good concrete work shuttering/ centering & concreting operations are three important things. In our construction we use shuttering for RCC.beams,columns, with supporting structures and centering for slab, canopies etc. It is therefore important that principle of sound design, erection of the shuttedng is strictly followed. Any negligence on this count may lead to mishaps resulting in loss of human life & Govt. money. Reference should be made to,
i) Ref.
Govt.of Mah. RWDeptt. C.E's Circular No. BRG-10/6/223 - Desk.4, Dated
31.1.1977.
ii) I.R.C. Publication "I.R.C. : 87-1984 - Guidelines for the design &
erection of faisework for road bridges."
iii) Code of practice for Design & construction of formwork for concrete,
Govt. of Maharashtra Publication - 1965.
iv) NICMAR Publications
a) Common safety practices on construction sites.
b) Safety practices in building & structures.
c) Safety practices in roads & bridges.
d) Safety practices in tunnelling.
e) Construction safety Management.
5.2 Broadly, the following steps should be observed
i) Proper
design of centering system for all dead & live loads. The design should be
approved by competent officer.
ii) Proper use of shuttehng & centering material. Preferably centering
should be of steel props & beams (telescopic), shuttering of waterproof ply
board (preferably laminated on one side) & steel centehng plates.
iii) The erection should be done carefully. The ground on which it is to be
supported should be firm, unyielding even during rains. The supports should be
adequately braced.
iv) After erection, it should be checked by the JE/DE for dimension, fine,
level & safety. The centehng should be passed before concreting by DE/EE as
the case may be, and entry to that effect should be recorded by the officer
passing the centering.
v) The centedng should be removed only after the minimum prescribed period is
over.
6.0 REINFORCEMENT
The schedule & drawing of reinforcement should be correctly prepared as per the design. The cutting length & bending schedule shall be drawn in a ' correct manner to be understood by the site supervisor The bars should be accordingly cut, placed & secured in place. Some principles followed are -
i) The laps
should be staggered.
ii) Extra care is needed during concreting at the crowded locations of
reinforcement for good results.
iii) Cover shall be ensured by use of proper cover blocks of -concrete or
plastics.
iv) Cover should be maintained during concreting.
v) Reinforcefnent in case of projection like canopies, chhaiias to be
maintained at its correct location (i.e. top) during concreting.
vi) The bars placed should be measured and recorded properly by JEIDE &
cross checked by another DE for slabs & beams particularly before
concreting.
vii) Wherever required, the- bars should be treated for protection from
corrosion, particularly in coastal areas.
viii) Steel register should be kept uptodate.
7.0 CONCRETING
7.1 All the materials used in concreting must be tested.for relative properties before hand. A standbye vibrators & in case of important works even a standbye concrete mixer in working condition must be available at site before start of concreting.
7.2 Ordinary Grade Concrete :This does not require any elaborate design mix. The mixing is done by volume batching,., Generally upto M200 grade, ordinary grade concreting is done.
7.3 High Grade Concrete :For this the mix of concrete has to be got designed properly. The mix proportions are predecided for a w/c ratio & concreting is mostly by weight batching.
7.4 Water Cement Ratio/ Use of
Plasticisers : The water cement ratio is an important factor
governing strength of concrete. It should be adhered to strictly. Broadly,
lesser the water content better is the strength & durability of concrete.
Some time 'plasticisers' are added to improve the workability of concrete with
less water & to achieve dense concrete. The plasticisers should be used
with due care after testing & as per directions.
7.5 General precautions for Mixing, placing, compacting, curing of concrete.
i) The
mixing proportion shall be achieved correctly by using weigh batching or volumetric
method by pharmas.
ii) Concrete should be thoroughly mixed & then immediately transported
& placed without seggregration and before the initial setting tiriqe.
Retarding chemicals can be used for delaying the initial set, if required.
iii) Concrete should be well compacted, immediately on placing with vibrators.
Over or under compaction shou be avoided. Care should be taken where
reinforcement is heavy in narrow sections. The finished surface should be
retrowelled after initial set to avoid surface cracks.
iv) The curing must begin after the final set but not later than 24 Hrs. The
date of concreting shall be written by paint on column/ beam faces, after
removal of shuttering for easy reference. Curing shall continue for 14 days.
When maintainance of proper curing is going to be difficult later on, curing
compounds should be used. To conserve water, fine sprayers should be used for
curing the sides & bottoms.
v) Atleast three cubes shall be taken from the working mixas prescribed for
day's concreting & their record shall be maintained. These cubes shall be
tested in site laboratory or Q.C. Laboratory- on due dates & proper
cognisance of results should be taken. In case of abnormal results the fact
should be immediately brought to notice of the superior officers.
7.6 Removal of Shuttering 1 Centering: Normally, side shuttering of column, beam faces is removed after 24 Hrs. However, the centering shall be removed only after the prescribed period. While removing centering, care should be taken to avoid injuries to the labourers or staff working there. Particular care should be taken while removing shuttehng below cantilever slab/ beams etc. Unless sufficient counter weight for the cantilever portion is developed the centering should not be removed. If proper sequence of removal of props is not followed, the beam or truss may collapse due to wrong support pattern.
8.1 Some important items in building are Doors, Windows and floorings. The detailed drawing of doors & windows should be prepared, got approved from competent authority/ Architectural wing and then the contractor should be asked to prepare one sample for approval. The sample thus prepared should be approved, if found suitable & rest of the doors & windows prepared accordingly.
8.2 Similarly, samples of neoprene bearing pads for bridges & various materials like Shahabad, Tandur, Kota, Kadappa, flooring tiles etc. for buildings should be got approved before hand for dimensions, weight, specification & tested for Q.C. & if found suitable, permitted for use.
8.3 The architectural wing should be consulted from time to time for guidance & approval.
9.0 TESTING OF MATERIALS & FREQUENCY OF TESTING:
9.1 It is necessary that all the contruction materials used conform to the specification prescribed. The method adopted is to conduct the tests to assess physical properties. The materials like cement, steel, sand, metal, aggregates, bricks, wood, structural steel sections, flooring materials, stone, C.C.cubes should be tested frequently as per the norms prescribed, to maintain high standard of good quality material. The frequencies for various types of materials are given. in the compendium of quality control, M 0 S T book on quality control & specification book. These should be referred for details.
9.2 The material is generally to be tested from the Regional or District laboratory of the quality control wing. Some tests can be carried out at site itself i.e. in field laboratories of Major bridge or building site, & atleast 20% of the test results are to be cross verified from the laboratories.
9.3 The sample to be sent to laboratories is to be taken by the JE as per the requirement.it is to be sealed properly & then sent to laboratory,with proper letterladvice note & testing fees etc. The arrangement for transportation from site to laboratory is generally the responsibility of the contractor. The test result sheet received from the laboratory should be kept carefully & the results mentioned in the appropriate registers.
10.0 MATERIALS NOT CONFORMING TO BE REJECTED
10.1 If the materials do not conform to the specifications & tests then they should be summarily rejected by a written order. The contractor should remove the rejected material at his cost. The rejected material should be clearly marked.
10.2 The finished product items like C.C.Work, R.C.C. work should be checked for strength by taking out C.C. cubes & testing for crushing strength of 7 days/28 days for the frequency mentioned. Similarly, the asphalt percentage in all asphalting work, should be checked on daily basis, for frequencies mentioned.
10.3 The work which does not conform to specification & dimensions and which is likely to cause danger to safety should be summarily rejected & redone at contractor's cost. The cost of materials like cement, steel supplied by the deptt.for such work should be recovered at penal rate as per tender conditions.
10.4 In all the above cases the role of J.E. is to bring the facts to the notice of his superiors for further action. Actual rejection of material or work, or stoppage of work is to be done by D.E. or E.E.
11.0 MEASUREMENT OF WORKS:
11.1 Rules regarding Measurement Book
As mentioned earlier, the M.B.is a very very important document & therefore the rules regarding its use, safety, review, and record should be thoroughly understood & followed. Many a times J.E's suffer on account of loss of M.B. The rules are mentioned in M.P.W.manual Appendix-24.
11.2 Rules regarding Recording of Measurement of Work:
More information is given in Appendix-24 & Appendix-10 of M.P.W. Manual. However, some tips should be followed.
i) Measurements should be recorded da,tewise. The measurements should be signed with name & designation. If any item is going to be covered by another item so as to be inaccessible for subsequent measurement, it should be finally measured & measurements got checked 100 % before covering.
ii) The measurements for sound work which is as per the specif ications should only be recorded. The-recording of measurements in the MB means accepting the work. Therefore any inferior work below acceptance norms should not be recorded.
iii) The signature & designation With date of the checking/ cross checking officer should be invariably got recorded, however the responsibility of checking lies with the superior officers.
'iv) While
recording measurements for composite items, i.e. single items in the tender
which includes many sub items; Viz.
1) Composite masonary of stone & brick.
2) Item of door which includes frames, panels, fixtures etc.
3) Items of wc. containing the pan, flushing cistem, with connections, valves
P/S trap or urinals stands consisting of urinal pot, connecting water supply
pipe, flushing tank with overflow, disposal pipe etc. recording of the
measurements signifies that all the sub items are completed as per the
specification. However, if it is necessary to release payments for such item,
then proportionate payments for work done & measured should be recorded.
v) If false measurements are recorded, the J.E. has to face departmental enquiry leading to suspension/ dismissal from the service. He is held responsible for recovery of the amount due to loss to Govt. on account of false measurement. He can even be prosecuted.
vi) If inferior quality of work is accepted, then it is loss to Govt. In such case, the J.E. can be held responsibile for inferior work & monitory loss to Govt. & put under suspension/dismissal.
11.3 Powers of Recording Measurement of Work The J.E's are given powers to record measurements of works subject to certain rules & regulations. The powers are mentioned in Appendix-42 of M.P.W. Manual. It should be clearly borne in mind that these powers are given only to accept sound work.
11.4 Recording False 1 Incorrect Measurement or Advance Measurement - Punishment For :
As explained
earlier, the basic document for effecting payment is M.B. & therefore all
payments are governed by the measurements recorded & bill recorded. If
false, incorrect, extra measurements are recorded, it leads to payment not due
& Govt. money is misappropriated.
The punishment for such act/lapse.is severe & the incumbent is likely to
face removal from service andlor criminal cases being initiated by Police.
11.5 Cross-Checking of Measurement :
The measurements of metal collected at road side, the steel for RCC slab work are to be got cross checked by another Dy.Engineer before spreading/concreting to ensure that complete metal is collected & steel bars as per design are used. This principle should be followed thoroughly.
12.0 MAINTENANCE OF STORE MATERIALS RECORD
12.1 The materials like cement, steel, asphalt, R.C.C pipes .etc. are supplied to the contractor by the deptt. Such items of supply are shown in the'Schedule 'A'. It thus becomes necessary that these items are properly received, kept in safe custody, properly issued & utililsed, accounted for and any surplus material is returned to store or transferred to other work well before close of work. The material should be guarded against theft, fire damage etc. If the material is not properly accounted, if there is excess, shortage or theft, then the J.E. can be held responsible leading to recovery of financial loss to Govt., suspension/ dismissal or facing criminal enquiry by police.
12.1.1. Cement
The cement is received by the contractor from the Divisional/sub-Divisional
store on indent. The U.S.R.no. (Unstamped receipt No.) issued by the deptt. is
to be mentioned in the receipt column of cement register showing the quantity
received & U.S.R.No. The issues to the contractor are shown in Part-I]
& approximate consumption, itemwise is shown in Part-ill. Thus, proper
record is to be kept available at any time. The register is to be signed by JE
& contractor and intermittently checked by DE for physical balance as per
the Book balance.
12.1.2. Steel
The steel register is also maintained in the above manner.
12.1.3. Asphalt:
Asphalt is issued to the contractors in two manners viz.,
i) Packed
Drum Asphalt :
The asphalt is in sealed drums each weighing approx. 160 kgs. The alc is
maintained in No. of drums received & issued. The material is received by
the contractor on indent from Divi./Sub-Divl. store & the U.S.R No. is
maintained by the JE, in the register opened for such purpose. The empty tar
drums are to be returned by the contractor to the JE who registers them on
receipt in M.S.A. register. (Material at site register)
The bulk asphalt means asphalt received in truck tankers directly from the refinery. The asphalt is generally stored in the bitumen tanks of the Hot Mix plant of the con tractor, Since the bulk asphalt is brought directly to work site from the refinery & handed over to the contractor, extra vigilance is required from the J.E. to ensure that it is correctly accounted for & used in the work. This is to be done intelligently, since the contractor executes different works from the same plant & also the works of local bodies, like Z.P. Municipalities,where invariably asphalt is supplied by the contractor
13.0 OTHER RECORD
13.1 Work Order Book
This is important register maintained at site by the JE. This is mainly to issue directives as regards execution of work by higher officers like DE/ EE/ SE etc. The entries like foundation passing, centering passing, reinforcement checking, instructions regarding work, dismantling bad work etc. are recorded in this. This is to be maintained datewise, containing signed & initialled orders of the officer, noting of JEI Contractor & subsequent compliance. The extracts of the orders in the work order book which have financial implications are to be sent to the Division Office alongwith the relevant bills.
13.2 Ghani Register
This register is maintained in case of concreting & asphalting (cold mix) work. It contains Ghani-wise record which is helpful in making sure that correct quantities of various ingredients are utilised and arriving at no. of ghanis taken out in a day. Similarly for hot mix works of asphalt, B.T. register showing no.of tippers, time, length covered, temp of mix, type of mix etc. is maintained.
13.3 Quality Control Registers & Frequency of Testing
The quality control registers are prescribed. These are maintained for assessing prescribed tests & frequency is observed. The results obtained are maintained in the register. The frequency of testing is very important aspect to ensure continuous good quality control. The register gives concise record of tests done & results obtained. If bad results are obtained immediate corrective action is to be taken.
13.4 Drawings
Drawings like plan, elevation, layout plan, sections, R.C.C. layout, alignment plan etc. should be maintained in site office. Such plans are required for daily reference & during the inspection of higher officers. These drawings should be properly preserved by cloth binding. Such drawings should bear the signatures of officers approving such drawings, to avoid use of any other drawing. Out dated or superceded drawings should be clearly marked as such & removed from site.
13.5 Estimate & Tender
Copy of the technically sanctioned estimate duly signed by E.E. should be kept in site office for correct reference. Similarly, the contract copy duly signed by D.A. containing all documents s hould be kept at site for study & guidance.
13.6 Relevant Specification of Item
The specification books mentioned in Schedule-'C' should be kept at site as far as possible. Otherwise relevant extracts duly xeroxed should be-kept at site. These should be studied minutely by the J.E. before executing the works.
13.7 Other Registers
Some other registers are also required to be maintained like dewatering record for foundation by deptt/by contractor or labour attendance/ wages register maintained by the contractor.
14.0 QUALITY CONTROL LABORATORY:
For some major & important building, bridge work or some big highway projects, it becomes necessary that a very close watch is maintained on the quality of materials & end product. For such purpose, a small quality control laboratory is generally set up at site to carry,out tests on day-to-day basis. Generally, following tests are carried out in such field laboratories;
i) Testing
of C.C.cubes for compressive strength.
ii) Gradation for sand & aggregates, Impact test.
iii) Silt content for sand.
iv) Exrtraction,density & stability test for B.T works.
It is also necessary that some 20% to 30% samples at random are sent to Dist.
or Regional laboratory for cross verification.
The testing charges for the works are borne by the deptt. However, in case of
improper results the contractor has to bear testing charges in addition to
reconstruction/ rectification of the work in question. The guages of the
instruments in the laboratory should be calibrated every year.
15.0 INSTRUMENTS TO BE KEPT AT SITE
Some instruments are essential for execution of work, and should be kept at site or carried alongwith if possible. The J.E. should take care for safe custody & proper calibration of the instruments. If there is loss/theft of any instrument, in that case the cost of instrument can be recovered from J.E.
15.1 Dumpy
Level
Essential for recording levels, like G.L., foundation level, road levels,
L-Section, C-Section of roads.
15.2 Theodolite
:
For correct alignments, angular measurements, carrying forward of C/L etc.
15.3 Tapes
Tapes are required to be carried with while moving on the road always for measurements. Generally, following tapes should.be available.
i) Metallic
tape 15 m &-30 m.
ii) Steel tape lm, 15 m,30m.
iii) Cloth tape 15m, & 30 m.
In addition each J.E. must carry a 3 m. steel tape in his pocket at all times.
15.4 Vernier Caliper
This is very useful in case of building works for guage measurement of doors, windows, tiles, wooden section, structural steel etc.
15.5 Modern Instruments
The recent advances in survey instruments needs proper knowledge of these instruments. With that view, Govt. has decided to encourage use of more modern instruments.
16,0 VISIT OF HIGHER OFFICERS FOR INSPECTION Generally, important bridge & building works are inspected at higher levels of SE, CE, & the Secretary. During such visits, the relevant information,. plans, estts. drawings etc. should be made available for reading/ reference. At such times the plans are dispia yed properly, progress bar charts are properly updated for targets/ achievements. All the Quality Control registers are kept ready. Detailed estimate tender etc.are kept handy in proper form. A short note in the form of work memo is prepared highlighting the salient features, progress, bottlenecks, expenditure & future'pians etc. The movement paths for inspection of bridge & building sites are clearly marked, to avoid repetition & confusion in movements. These opportunities should be utilised for seeking guidance, highlighting achievements & difficulties, highlighting shortfalls & its reasons etc. for spot decision or follow up decision.
17.0 INSPECTION BY VIGILANCE & Q.C. ORGANISATION:
17.1 The officers of Vigilance.& Quality Control organisation visit & inspect the work in detail to study the quality of work, adherence to rules, regulation, & specifications. Then, they issue their observations in the form of observation memos. The compliance is to be sent within six weeks, positively.
17.2 Many a times some lapses in the work, estimate, tender, measurements, bills etc. are pointed out by V.Q.C. wing. This may lead to serious observation memo. In such cases responsibility can be fixed on J.E. & appropriate punishment, warning, recovery of money for loss to Govt., can also be given by the deptt.
STORES
1.0 MANAGEMENT OF STORES
The stores are maintained by the Deptt. for construction & maintenance work, as well as for repairs of machineries etc. In order that minimum stores is procured & effectively managed, some rules & procedures have been framed. These are mentioned in relevant chapters of M.P.W manual & accounts code. The items in general & pertaining to JE levels are explained in brief in foregoing paras with reference to site /section working.
2.0 INDENT
This is the demand to obtain store material from Division/ Sub-Division for a work. The Indent is a printed form No. 24. A properly assessed demand of the material like steel/cement/asphalt is mentioned & the form is duly filled & signed & submitted to the Dy,Engineer in four copies for further processing at his level or to submit to Division Office. Some times, the surplus store material is to be returned back to the store.in such cases this indent form is used for return of stores duly mentioning "return Indent'. The Indent should not be prepared without any demand. Excess quantity should never be demande d else the J.E. can face trouble in future. (For details refer M.RW Account code para 9-2-9 to 9-212 & para. 10-3-8).
3.0. U.S.R. (UNSTAMPED RECEIPT)
This is an unstamped but dated acknowledgement of the contractor in form 53 containing full particulars of materials with rates,& values chargeable to contractor.
The signature of contractor should be obtained on the U.S.R. without fail, otherwise contractor, if he is unscrupulous can deny receipt of material. In such cases J.E. will have to make good such loss to Govt. (Refer para. 10-3-4 of M.P.W.A. Code)
4.0 TRANSFER ENTRY ORDER (T.E.0) :
The T.E.0 as popularly known is the entry in form 14 effected to carry cut the transfer of an item of stores from one work to another, or to correct an error of classification in the origi nal accounts. In short, if some material or expenditure is to be changed from one work to another, then T.E.0 is effected. At JE's level T.E.O. is required to be prepared generally for transferring stores material like cement, steel, asphalt etc. from one work to another work. When the material is to be transferred from one work to another, the T.E.O. is prepared and submitted with the bill of work from where the material is transferred. Simulteneously an U.S.R. is also prepared for showing receipt of material on work where it is transferred. In U.S.R. the T.E.O. no. should be given & in the T.E.O. the U.S.R. No. should be given. This will show the contra entries of this transaction. If T.E.O. is not effected, in such case material will appear surplus on one work & short on the other work. In such case for improper accounting, the responsibility can be fixed on the Junior Engineer.
(Refer chapter 7 M.P.W.A. Code).
5.0 M.S.A. (MATERIAL AT SITE ACCOUNT)
5.1 In cases, where the material is not issued to the contractor but to J.E. for use on work, it should be entered in the accounts in form 54, called "Register of Material at site accounts". The full value is thus debited to work ' and quantities entered in the register of MSA. (Refer para. 10-3-9 & 10-3-10). The purpose of MSA is to keep proper account of all materials given to the J.E. for direct use on works in hi@ change. There is separate M.S,A. for each work,
5.2 The MSA is maintained by J.E. generally for RCC pipes, steel, cement, asphalt for original & maintenance works. Every year, the M.S.A. should be physically verified & accounts submitted to the Division/Sub-Division to avoid unnecessary charging of materials in the name of J.E.
5.3 If M.S.A. is not maintained properly, then the material is seen outstanding against the J.E. In such case, he is held responsible for excessishortage,& recovery is effected from him.
6.0 SAFE CUSTODY OF THE MATERIALS
6.1 The J.E.is responsible for safe custody of materials on M.S.A. under his charge. The material issued to the contractor is to be held in joint custody. The cement is kept in double lock and key.
6.2 In case of detection of any theft, loss due to fire, floods etc. the matter is immediately to be reported to the higher authorities & police for enquiry.
6,3 Proper care should be taken to avoid such losses otherwise at the time of fixing responsibility for such losses, the J.E. is likely to be held responsible, for dereliction of duty, finanical loss to Govt. and subsequent recovery & disciplinary action.
7.0 MANAGEMENT OF CONSTRUCTION MACHINERIES
7,1 For execution of original work/ maintenance work, various machineries like truck, tanker, roller, tipper, bouzers, asphalt/ concrete mixers,.vibrators, etc. are required. It is the duty of the J.E. that these machineries are kept in the J.E. that these machineries are kept in running condition with the help of mechanical J.E. & utilised properly to get exact optimum utilisation,
7.2 These machinefies are also given to the contractors on Hire for use on works. The proper record of use of machinery by the contractor & timely recovery of hire charges is also to be watched by the J.E. The J.E. must obtain permission from his superiors before hiring machinery to a contractor. He must also obtain contractor's signature on the prescribed form of Agreement No. 567 before handing over machinery to the contractor.
7.3 Utilisation Programme of Machineries:
The J.E. should prepare the programme of utilisation of machineries considering the work within his section. If it is found that some machineries are not at all required or remain unut5ised for a longer period, such fact should be b,,ok.ight to the notice of higher officers for shifting them to other works,
7.4 Maintenance of Log Book
Log book is a machinery wise register where the daily account of utilisation/ running of machineries and consumption of fuel, lubricants etc. is maintained. Log book must be posted daily & duly signed by J.E, This is very useful in arriving at the working of the machineries. !t enables the deptt. to watch whether the machinery is utilised and economically. The record for recoveries from contractors is also available in the log book. The machinery charges are to be debited to the concerned work & credit is to be given to the head of machinery for which log book is the.basis. This is done through the TE.O. Such TEO's are prepared monthly for all running machinedes.
7.5 Maintenance of Machinery
7.5.1 The machineries should be maintained in proper condition. If any fault/problem arises the report of the driver of machinery should be obtained & immediately forwarded to concerned J.E. (M), after initial verification of machinery. The J.E. (M) then makes all necessary arrangements in connection with repairs. For very minor problems, if possible, repairs should be carried out at their level.
7,5.2 The responsibility of providing fuel oil/lubricants lies with JE/DE (Civil). This material should be verified & its entry taken into log book immediately.
7.6 T.E.O. for Machineries
The expenditure on machitieries is first debited to account head -of machineries. Since that expenditure is on account of execution of works, it is necessary that such expenditure is finally debited to works head of account to correctly assess the expenditure in connection with the works. For this purpose T.E.O's for each machinery is prepared every month based on log book of the m/c & the mech. C.S.R. The expenditure incurred is debited to concerned work head & credited to machinery revenue head.
All such T.E.O's should be prepared & furnished to Sub-Division/Division every month regularly.
7.7 Manufacturing Account :
7,7.1 The department sometimes needs to obtain crushed ,metal for road work. For this, the departmental crusher is operated & the crushed metal is obtained from the rubble. All expenditure connected with manufacturing crushed metal, like procurement of rubble, breaking of rubble, running & hire charges of crusher, labour charges for recycling, losses due to manufacturing, & stacking, watch & ward, supervision etc., are maintained in an account called "Manufacturing Account". All stone metal obtained from the crushing operations are to be entered into the road metal return (R.M.R) for that quarry. Whenever the metal is removed from the quarry, its entry is to be made in the issues side of the R.M.R.
7.7.2 For operation of this account, it is necessary to prepare a detailed estimate for manufacturing stone metal by stone crushing & get it sanctioned from the competent authority.
7.7.3 Whenever, such stock material is to be issued or sold to private parties the rates for salelunit should be worked out considering all expenses incurred & adding supervision charges @ 10% to the rclte so arrived at.
7.7.4
The manufacturing account & subsequent quarry R.M.R. should be properly
maintained, otherwise J.E. is likely to be held responsible for shortage or
excess metal resulting in disciplinary action like charge sheet/ suspension 1
dismissal and recovery of financial loss to Govt.
MAINTENANCE OF BUILDINGS
1.0 All Govt. buildings except buildings belonging to forest & Irrigation Deptts. are in charge of P.W.D. for maintenance, This includes white washing, colouring, painting, repairs to doors, windows, roofs, sanitary & water supply fittings, structural repairs, internal roads, fencing, compound walls etc., However, day to day cleaning, sweeping, watch & ward, gardening, payment of rent, taxes & tariffs is to be done by the user deptt.
2.0 P.R.B. (PRINTED REGISTER OF BUILDINGS)
.2,1 This is a very important register maintained in every P.W. Division showing therein inventory of ail buildings under its charge either constructed, purchased or acquired by the Govt. irrespective of the manner in which the Govt. funds are allotted for such procurement. It shows year of construction, cost, use of building, occupant, maintenance cost etc. The register has departmentwise sections in it. The number allotted to such buildings in the P.R.B. is displayed prominently on each buildings.
2.2 This register needs to be up dated every year for additions 1 alterations 1 deletions in the building & expenditure incurred therefor.
2.3 Similarly, PR. Cards (Property Cards) showing property rights of the land 1 building should be obtained from concerned authorities maintained in proper order.
2,4 Inventory in the Buildings
An inventory of all the fixtures in each building viz. electrical fixtures, like fans, lights, geysers, Air-conditioner or Civil fixtures like mirrors, basins, taps, flushing cistems etc. should be maintained buildingwise. In case of non residential buildings such inventory of fixtures is to be got signed from the representative of the user deptt., at the time of first occupation. Thereafter the user deptt. is responsible for their safety.
In case of residential buildings the inventory is to be got signed from each new occupant & checked when he vacates the residence. Any shortfall is to be made good by the occupant.
3.0 LAND PLANS & LAND RECORDS
3.1 The land plans & land records are the basic documents of property right of the Govt./Department of the Govt. Therefore, land records like 7/12 form, land plan showing boundries of the area etc. should be kept on record & updated from time to time.
3.2 1 Sometimes part of Govt. land is given on lease to some private parties or corporations. In such cases lease proposals are approved at Govt. level & leas agreements are signed at EE's level. It is to be borne in mind that the J.E. has no power to give any piece of Govt. land to any party without permission from his superiors.
In all such cases of leases of Govt. property a lease register & agreement copies of lease deed should be maintained by the J.E. for record, reference, renewal or termination of lease.
4.0 LAYOUT PLANS & BUILDING PLANS
The J.E. in charge,of the section is supposed to maintain correct layout plans of the area with position of roads, buildings, gardens, water supply, electric 0/H lines, sewer & w/s lines etc. Similarly the detailed building plan of the individual building showing plan elevation & section should also be maintained for record & reference purpose.
5.0 MUNICIPAL TAXES
The Municipal Corporation levies building/ property tax on all Govt. buildings every year Action for payment of such taxes in case of P.W.D. buildings like rest houses, residential quarters of RW.D. & the common pool, and any other building in the possession of buildings should be initiated within time.
6.0 MAINTENANCE PROGRAMME
6.1 There are three categories of buildings viz. Administrative, Residential & public building. These buildings are to be maintained as per the maintenance norms. For that purpose every year the maintenance programme is to be chalked out considering the priorities of maintenance items for various buildings. There are three categories under which the annual maintenance programme is prepared. - viz. (1) Current repairs, (2) Special repairs,
(3) Specified repairs.
6.2 The maintenance programme is to be based on various items & its periodicity mentioned in it. For this purpose thorough inspection of the building should be carried out. The proforma for inspection of building is given in Appendix-A. P. 22 of book "Instructions for maintenance of buildings". It should be used & filled up properly. This information should be compiled & abstract prepared buildingwisel categodwise. The maintence norms based on plinth area are given in chapter Ill statement 1 of the above book. All the information regarding maintenance, norms, periodicity & inspection etc. is given in the book "Inspection for maintenance of buildings. "These programmes should be prepared in consultation with the user department. For this purpose, senior officers of P,W.D. have to hold annual meetings with the occupants.
This book should be read thoroughly to get an insight into the maintenance activity.
6.3 Current Repairs (C.R.) :
These are also called 'ordinary repairs' which are carried out as a matter of routine either annually or periodically. The petty repair items are normally covered in such type of repairs. There are 10 items classified under this categories. (Refer para 2.3.1). This programme is generally approved at E.E's level within available grants.
6.4 Special Repairs (SLR) :
These are the repairs required at long intervals, other than current repairs, which becomes necessary from time to time. There are 7 items classified under this category. The programme of S.R. is approved by the S.E. within the available grants. The currency of the sanctioned estimate/ programme is current fill completion of work.
(For details refer para 2.2 of book on maintenance).
6.5 Specified Repairs (SDR) :
The objective is to include major repairs which strengthens the building, prolongs, its life, improves its hygienic condition & safety of the building. There are 12 items classified under this category. The programme is approved by the Chief Engineer & generally the currency of programme is expected to last for the year of sanction or the next year. (For details refer para 2.1 Book on maintenance of building)
7,0 SPECIAL PROBLEMS OF BUILDING REPAIRS
Large no. of Govt. buildings were constructed during the British period. These include some Heritage buildings like Governor's House, High Courts, Museums etc. in addition to large no. of Hospital, Institutional, Residential and office buildings. There are some special problems of these building maintenance like leakages, dampness, disintegration of concrete due to reinforcement corrosion, cracks, settlements of foundations, etc. These problems need to be identified & studied properly The references are given below to some such problems.
7.1 Leakages Through Roofs & Walls :
Leakages occur through Manglore tiled, A.C. sheet roofing, R.C.C. slab etc. due to defective fittings, cracks in roof, water ponding, porous slabs etc. Similarly, leakages also are found through wall cracks, joint of walls & R.C.C members like columns, beams, slabs, etc. Alf such leakages should be identified properly & studied thoroughly and then the remedial measures should be thought of for rectification. The detailed information is covered in booklet "Instruction for maintenance of buildings" 1991.
7.3 Leakages Through Sanitary/ Water Supply Fittings These leakages are generally seen from outside on the exterior surface of the buildings. Particularly so, on ,multistoreyed buildings. The building looks very shabby & therefore such leakages needs to be attended immediately. The detailed information is given in the booklet -"Instructions for maintenance of buildings" 1991.
7.4 Dampness in Buildings :
The dampness in buildings, more particularly in old buildings, is a major problem. The reasons being accurnulation of water around the buildings, absence of Damp proof course at plinth level, high ground water table etc. in addition to so many other reasons,. The detailed information is given in the booklet, "Instructions for maintenance of buildings" 1991.
7.5 Cracks in Buildings :
Some buildings may develop cracks in walls on account of varied reasons. The problem.is more prominent in buildings situated in B.C. soil areas. The cracks need to be investigated thoroughly for its cause & remedial measures taken for effective restoration. More such information is given in the booklet, "instruction for maintenance of buildings" 1991.
8.0 PERIODICITY OF MAINTENANCE -
'To keep the building in proper condition, maintenance of the building components is to be carded out at regular intervals. This activity can be grouped into two categories. viz. 1. Perennial repairs 2. Non-perennial repairs. The perennial items are those which are generally covered under C.R. whereas nonperennial items are those which are covered under SLR or SDR. The periodicity i.e. frequency of its maintenance is elaborately given in the report of the study group for review of norms for maintenance & repairs of building 1991-92.
9.0 MAINTENANCE GRANTS & DISTRIBUTION Every year maintenance grants for buildings are placed under various categories based on the financial norms in Rs/sqm. per annum for civil & electrical works. The grants are worked out categoriwise i.e. Administrative
building & (A-1, A-2, A-3), Residential buildings (R-1, R-2) & Hospital buildings (H) for perennial & nonperennial items. The grants are placed at the disposal of C.E for SDR & S.E. for SLR, & CR. The grants are then distributed to E.Es based on the programme approved by the C.E. or S.E or E.E. Special consideration is given for 1) Buildings having age more than 40 years. 2) Buildings situated in rainfall area more than 2500 mm or coastal areas. 3) Buildings in difficult terrain. These norms do not include expenditure.like - A) Municipal taxes, B) Service charges, C) Water charges, D) Telephone, E) Electricity, F) Internal roads etc.
10.0 PROTECTION OF GOVT. PROPERTY:
As already explained above, all the property incharge of the deptt. like buildings, lands, parks, gardens, defence camping- grounds etc. are required to be protected from unauthorised encroachments, unauthorised construction, use etc.
MAINTENANCE OF ROADS AND BRIDGES
1.0 MAINTENANCE OF ROADS :
1.1 The maintenance of road is an elaborate activity and includes maintenance of basic records, maintenance of structures and tools & plants required including carrying out inspection of all the structures at regular prescribed intervals.
1.2 Road
Chart A, B, C (Road Register)
This is the basic document maintained in each division roadwise showing the
inventory & record of the road. The road chart consists of following:
The traffic data, financial statement, road map, and pavement details like L -
section, Cr. section, soil type, position of Bridges/ C. D. Works and history
of renewals.
Every year this chart should be updated for all variable items.
Even the riding quality of roads improved under various programme should be
monitored by modern methods like Automatic road unevenness recorder (ARUR),
bump integrator etc. to exactly assess the serviceability rating of the road.
1.3 Land Plans
The land plan showing land boundries of the roads & record of rights is to be maintained for every road. This helps in fixing the road boundries and removal of unauthorised encroachments. This is also a basic document while processing the case for declaration of "Highway Authority" for that particular road, under Bombay Highway Act.
1.4 Bar Chart:
The bar chart is maintained every year te show the special repairs and renewals carded out km. wise for the last 10 years roadwise. This helps in identifying KMs requiring renewal /repairs etc. & framing the repairs programme of the current year.
1.5 Inventory of Road Side Furniture
The road side furniture consists of items which are erected on the road for general guidance like - 5km/ 200 m & boundry.stones and informatory, cautionary and regulatory sign boards, crash barriers etc. It is to be .seen that, information as to its existence on road side 'Is maintained. Similarly any deficiency in this is to be ascertained & made good. This also helps to maintain this this as per scheduie of maintenance prescribed in book on instructions on maintenance of roads (in Marathi).
1.6 Inventory of Road Side Arboriculture
The road side tree plantation is called Arboriculture, The existing trees are to be maintained properly & new ones to be- planted every year :in monsoon, wherever required. .Ever,l year Govt. takes up tree plantation programrrie on a large scale & the J.E's are given targets for plantation by the Division Office.
1.7 R.M.R Book :
This is called as road metal rate book. This gives the rate per Cii.M of metal/murum/sand km. wise considering the distance of the km. from the nearest quarry. This is based an the C.S.R for that year and it is to be updated ever,y year ,)ased on new C.S.R. If the new quarries nearest opened or existing quarries are exhausted or abandoned the rate/cu.m for that km. shall change. This book comes handy while preparing the maintenance estimate. If any deviation is found in quarry distance there can be loss/saving to Govt. In such case, J.E-. in likely to face action for negligence in framing the R.M.R.
1.8 Quarry Charts :
The metal, murum or sand is brought to a particular road from a particular nearest quarry having good quality material. It becomes therefore necessary to prepare a chart showing location & distance of the quarry with reference to that road. This chart is called the quarry chart. It is an essential & integral part of any road/ building /bridge project estimate. This helps in knowing the quarry, the distance from the road which in turn helps to prepare the R.M. Rate book. The quarry should contain good quality & abundant material for the work. if quarry chart is not correct then the estimate becomes faulty, in such case responsibility can be fixed on the Junior Engineer.
1.9 R.M.R (Road Metal Return)
This is the statement of receipt, issues and balances of road metal. This is required to be maintained for metal broken/ crushed at the quarry operated by deptt. Also when the metai'is transported & kept at the road side before spreading, It is also required to be maintained when the contractor collects metal by the roadside. This is maintained km.wise for roads. This is maintained in form No.39 (P.W.533) of'M,P.W.A Code. This document is important like a cash book & should be maintained by. i.E. without fail. Many a times difficulties have arisen for incumbent J.E's for not maintaining it properly. This R.M.R. has cross references with the M.B's where these quantities have been recorded for payment of bills. This should be maintained enonthwise & submitted monthly to the division office within a fortnight of the submission of monthly accounts. The R.M.R. is to be maintained for all sanctioned road works, bridge approaches & quarries.
2.0 REPAIRS TO ROADS :
2.1 The roads get damaged due to traffic, heavy rainfall, inadequate crust, inadequate renewals & many more other reasons. These have been discussed in details in various publications of M.0.S.T & Govt. of Maharashtra. To keep the roads in traffic worthy conditions repairs -are required to be carried out. The repairs activity is divided into three categories;
i) Current
repairs.
ii) Special repairs.
iii) Specified repairs.
The categorywise explanations is given below.
2.2 Current
Repairs :
The activities generally classified under this category are of general
nature like, filling of potholes, protection to edges of the road, picking
metal & topping by murum/ sand for W.B.M. roads, clearing road side drains,
repairing/ painting/ white washing of road side furniture, clearing of vents/
span of C.D. works / bridges, clearing trees, branches etc. from the carriage
way.
2.3 Special Repairs
The renewal of road surface either BT or WBM, when it has worn, out is classified in this category. As a general rule, a W.B.M. surface needs renewal every 3-4 years and a B.T. road every 6 to 8 years. Occasional flood damage repairs, and landslides etc. also included in this.
2.4 Specified Repairs :
The works under this category include strengthening, renewal, road sectioning, repairs to C. D. works/ bridges, widening of roads, Geometric improvement to roads, Engineering measures like drainage, sign boards/ caution boards etc. More details are covered in the booklet "monitoring of road maintenance work" published by Govt. every year.
3.0 OTHER ANNUAL MAINTENANCE FEATURES
3.1. Drainage Maintenance
Improper drainage is the major single factor causing damage to the road. Therefore, care has to be taken to see that water logging does not take place by the road side & also the water does not flow on the road surface due to faulty drainage. Some important aspects like proper section, slope, connection of drain to natural drainage course are to be borne in mind.
3.2. Shoulder Maintenance :
This imparts stability to road beside serving as area during over taking 1 crossing of vehicles & parking of vehicles. The shoulders should be maintained to a proper width, proper camber (say about 5%) & proper longitudinal grade. The level of shoulders at any given place needs to be below the level of road edge. Badly maintained shoulders are a major accident hazard.
4.0 FRAMING PROPOSALS UNDER MAINTENANCE OF ROAD
The proposals for repairs to roads under following categories are framed every year which constitute the annual repairs programme. These categories have been laid down to generally see that all items pertaining to road maintenance & repairs. get attention & roads get improved in a systematic manner.
5.0 TRAFFIC COUNTS
The design of carriageway widths is based on the number of passenger car units per day using the road. The design of road crust is based on traffic data expressed in terms of CVD (Commercial Vehicles per day) and the soil C.B.R. Feasibility. of road and bridge projects through private financing also depends on the traffic volume. It is therefore necessary to know the traffic intensity on the road. For this purpose 24 Hrs. traffic surveys are held on defined count posts continuously for 7 days every / alternate year in May and December. i.e. in December for even years & May for odd years. The average annual daily traffic is however some what lower than that revealed by these counts in fair reason.
6.0 MUSTER CLERKS :
The Jr. Engineer is generally assisted by Muster Clerks for carrying out maintenance /supervision work. His duties generally include marking attendance of labours, assigning them regular task work & supervising their work. In addition, he acts as an assistant to Jr. Engineer The duties & responsibilities of M.Cs, Mate/Mukadams are properly elaborated in the book, "Instruction for road maintenance'3. It should be studied properly so that an insight into effective control over them can be developed with practice. Civil Engineering assistants also perform more or less the same functions.
7.0 MAINTENANCE OF BRIDGE & CULVERTS
7-1 This activity is part & parcel of the road activity. However, the activities to be carried out are some what different in nature and therefore need further elaboration.
7.2 Inventory of Bridges 1 C.D. Works & Masonary Register
The
-inventory of bridge & C.D. works is maintained roadwise by suitably
numbering the C.D. works in numerological sequence for each km.
The detailed information about this is maintained in a register called
"Masonary Register". This contains information about location, span
arrangement, year of constructiorf hydrological details & h'@story of
inspection & repairs. This is also helpful to ..Beard observations of premonsoon
& post monsoon inspections.
7.3 Inspection Programmes 1 Comprehensive Inspection:
The
periodicity of routine premonsoon & post monsoon inspection & the level
of inspecting officers is given in the booklet "Instructions for
maintenance of roads". The observations are to be recorded & action
initiated for routine repairs & special repairs, whenever required.
The comprehensive inspection is to be carried out at higher levels by S.E. and
C.E. 1/5th the no. of total bridges are to be inspected every year under
comprehensive inspection so that inspection of all the bridges is completed in
5 years. This inspection is to be carried out ;In minute details & remedial
action taken immediately. The mobile inspection unit is generally used for such
purpose to facilitate easy and thorough inspections of large bridges.
7.4 Pre Monsoon Inspection
This inspection is carried out in Apdi and May every year before onset of monsoon. It includes removing of railings of submersible bridges, clearing of spans of any debris, obstruction etc. The serious defects noticed are to be rectified before onset of monsoon.
7.5 Post Monsoon Inspection
This inspection is carried out in the month of Oct.- Nov. every year after monsoon is over. This includes observation of erosion in river bed, various component parts of bridges, clearance of span of debris etc. The repairs estimates are prepared for restoration of damages immediately & follow up action taken to carry out the repairs.
The details regarding inspection are covered in "Instruction on Maintenance of roads" and publication of IRC. The check list is prescribed by Govt. of Maharashtra & I.R.C. for detailed inspection of Bridge, which serves as guidelines for inspection.
7.6 Precaution for Submersible / Weak Bridges
7.6.1 The traffic over weak bridges is required to be regulated. For this purpose speed restrictions are imposed by constructing suitable speed breakers at some distance on both sides from the bridge. Caution boards are displayed prominently and clearly indicating the information of weak/ narrow bridge etc.
7.6.2 For submersible bridges the information is to be displayed at proper distance well above the H.FL. mark from the bridge very prominently. The guard stones over such bridge must be in position at all times to avoid accidents. The guard stones must not be taller than 25 cms. above'the road surface on the bridge. This is because the vehicles are supposed to cross the bridge bit the guard stones are visible above the flood water.
7.7 The Routine Maintenance :
The routine maintenance includes the follovving:
1. Numbering/ painting/ white washing of bridgelculvert parapets/ railings etc. to achieve identification of bridge/ culvert & clear cut marking of parapets, pointing etc.
2. Minor repairs to parapets, railings are often required to be carried out on account of dashing of vehicles on parapets.
7.8 Special Repairs to Major Bridges
The special repairs to major bridges include guniting, grouting, jacketing, external prestressing, replacement of bearings, replacement of deck, widening of bridge deck, bed protection etc.
This also includes the same items as above for major bridges.
These proposals are generally the outcome of comprehensive or detailed inspections.
8.0 ACTION TO BE TAKEN DURING EMERGENCIES Some times emergency situation like, breach to road or approach of bridge due to floods, damage to bridge during floods, damages to weak bridges, collapse of bridge, or a building arises. Sometimes traffic gets held up due to accidents.
In all such cases, an immediate information should be given to higher officers about the mishap and he should immediately rush to the site. Such information should also be given to local police & r(jvenue officials. In case of roads the local state transport authorities on both sides of such bridge should be infomied, so that buses can be rerouted. Information boards well ahead of the bridge should also be put up. Sirriiarly, action should be .initiated for rescue & restoration of traffic with the help of local officers. The procedure in detail is elaborated in the booklet " Instructions for maintenance of roads", page 24 (in Marathi).
9.0 PREVENTION OF ACCIDENTS
All care must be taken to eliminate a!i accident spots on the roads. Bad shoulders, trees or branches very close to carriageway, construction mater'@al stacked very close to carriageway, big pot holes or trenches which can not be seen from afar, machinery like rollers, rnixers, parked on roads without warning flags, lights, road widening work going on Mthout proper barricading, boards etc. are sorrie accident prone situations.
MAINTENANCE OF T & P AND MACHINERY
1.0 INVENTORY OF T & P - FORM 35
All the tools and plants required for maintenance/ construction like, parahs, pickaxes, baskets, crow bars, measuring boxes, test cube moulds, etc. are recorded in a register in Form. 35. This T & P account is to be verified physically every year by September end. Stores wing of finance deptt. checks it during the inspection held after every 3 years. The J.E. is responsible for accounting, store, receipt, issues, & verification of all T & P articles in his charge. Any loss or theft is to be made good by the Junior Engineer The bungalow articles, of crockery, drapery, furniture, utensils, etc. also are maintained in Form. 35 in a similar manner as T & P.
2.0 ANNUAL VERIFICATION
The annual physical verification of all T & P, S & M instruments, machinery, is done every year ending September. The J.E. is responsible for verification & recording any surplus/ shortages. The.facts should be brought to notice of the Dy. Engineer in-charge for verification & further action. All the findings should be mentioned in the register like - "Verified item from Sr. no to Sr.No.& found as per book balance". This is very useful in maintaining the T & P in correct manner & taking action for survey report of all unserviceable items in time. If there is any shortage or excess it should be clearly recorded. The recovery of shortages is generally made good from the J.E.
3.0 SURVEY REPORT OF UNSERVICEABLE ITEMS OF T & P & BUNGALOW ARTICLES
3.1 It generally happens that with use & passage of time articles of T & P, S & M, bungalow articles, get damaged, broken, lost, unserviceable. In such cases it is necessary to write off such unserviceable items from the record and replenish them in due course of time. Otherwise large no. of articles remain on record & do not exist physically. In such cases, the responsibility lies on the J.E. or caretaker of the rest houses, and the cost of articles is recovered from the incharge J.E. or the caretaker.
3.2 The procedure for survey report of unserviceable items is simple. First of all a survey report is to be prepared and submitted to the competent officer for inspection & sanction. The officer shail then sanction, destruction or disposal by way of auction/ sale. The articles are then destroyed by burning or throwing in deep water or burying in ground in presence of designated officer. The cost of item disposed by way of auction/ sale. is credited to Govt. revenue. The article then should be written off from the record as per the orders. The detailed procedure is given in M.P.W. Manual from para. 417 to 423 Chapter on stores.
4.0 DEPLOYMENT
OF MACHINERY & LOG BOOK
The machinery under the control of the J.E. should be used in most judicious a
manner. If it is felt that, it is likely to remain idle for long time, action
to shift it to some needy sections be initiated. The proper watch on
procurement, issue & consumption of petrol, diesel, oil and lubricants
should be kept to avoid misuse or overuse. The entries in log book should be
filled daily. d be taken The entries of petrol, oil and lubricants shout
immediately on issue to the machinery. A proper abstract at the end of month
should be prepared. If any problem in working of machinery or consumption of
fuel is ncdced, it should be immediately brought to the. notice of Mechanical wing.
EMPLOYMENT GUARANTEE SCHEME
1.0 BRIEF DESCRIPTION & BACK GROUND
1.1 This scheme was started by the Govt. of Maharashtra to give work to agricultural labours during the period from Nov. to May when the agricultural labourers do not have sufficient work.
1.2 The basic principle adopted is to give the labourer work and simultaneously produce durable assets, For this purpose works like soil -conservation, construction of roads, construction of canals & small tanks, social forestry, afforestation etc. are taken up. The estimate should fit in the criteria of cost of unskilled portion 60% or more for labour & 40% max. for skilled portion, which is called 60:40 ratio of unskilled: skilled portion of work.
1.3 The Collector of the district is the overall incharge. of these works & other.concerned deptt. executing these works are called implementing agencies, like forest deptt. irrigation deptt. P.W.D., social forestry deptt. soil conservation deptt. etc.
1.4 The estimate for any scheme fitting in 60:40 criteria is prepared by the concerned deptt- based on E.G.S schedule of rates and first accorded the technical sanction as per practice of the concerned deptt,
1.5 The estimate is then submitted to the Collector of the district/the Commissioner for according administrative approval. The Collector/ Commissioner scrutinises & if found necessary acccfrds administrative approval. The funds for this work are placed by the Collector with the implementing agencies. He issues quarterly credit limit to the implementing agencies as per their demand. No work under E.G.S. is to be started unless ordered by the Collector.
1.6 The unskilled portion is executed through labours by engaging them on muster rolls. The gangs of labourers are formed and tasks assigned to them. The attendance of labourers "gangwise" is marked on the muster & their work done is measured every fortnight and paid at the schedule of rates. The wages are then distributed to the gang members proportionately.
l.7 The skilled portion is carried out through contractor or departmentally like carting of metal, compactioti & watering by roller & tanker etc.
1.8 The E.G.S. works should be executed & monitored in most disciplined manner. The F!t.G.S works are inspected by various agencies right from the Collector, Dy. Collector (E G.S), Exe. Enaineer (Vigilance), Collectorate, Tahsildar.' Sarpanch, M.L.As, Commissioner, O.S.D (E.G.S), Departmental officers, E.G.S Committee & so on.
1,9 The progress reports & expenditure reconciliation is subrriitted to the Collector for compilation & information.
2.0 PREPARATION OF ESTIMATE, TIS & A/A
2.1 The estimate of the road is prepared upto W.B.M level as per guidelines of the deptt. The earth work quantities are worked out based on the L-Section of the road alignment. The crust etc. is provided as per the P.W.D guidelines. The estimate is fitted within the 60:40 norrps & accorded TIS by the E.E. of the Division & forwarded to the Collector for A /A. The collector/ Commissioner accords A/A after verifying the need & 60:40 ratio.
2,2 The estimate consists of other charges for labour amenities like rest sheds, drinking water, creches for children, goggles for protection of eyes while stone breaking, watch and ward, sharpening charges for T & P.
3.0 COMMENCEMENT OF THE WORK.
The work is to be, given to the labourers who are registered with the Tahsildar. The capacity of the work to absorb the iabourlday is mentioned in the estimate. Accordingly, the J.El SDO informs Tahsildar to direct registered labourers to work on that project* Many a times unregistered labours have to be accommodated in scarcity like condition.
4.0 UNSKILLED WORK ON N.M.R (E.G.S.):
4.1 The muster rolls for then E.G.S work are different from P.WD. muster rolls. These muster rolls are supplied by Collector to E. E. who issues it to Dy. Engineer & who in turn issues it to J. E.
4.2 In this Muster Roll the following signs are followed while marking attendance:
1. Present
at morning
2. Absent at morning 0
3. Present in Afternoon 1
4. Absent in Afternoon 0
5. Present full day X
6. Absent full day 0
4.3 The J.E. is assisted by the Mustering Assistant for marking the attendance & taking measurements of work done by labourers.
4.4 The J.E. divides the labourers as per their demand into suitable small group of 4-5 persons in a "gang" & allots them a piece of land to dig borrow pit along the road to excavate soil for forming the embankment, or for spreading of metal, or for breaking metal at the quarry. The attendance is marked for forenoon & afternoon for every labourer.
4.5 The measurements are recorded every fortnight when the muster is dosed. The muster is then recorded in the measurement book by the J.E. & submitted to Sub Division for passing.
5.0 SKILLED WORK THROUGH CONTRACTS OR DEPARTMENTALLY :
5.1 The road work consists of some items of skilled work, viz. transportation of metavmurum from quarry to roadside by truck/bullock cart, watering of metal, compaction of metal by power roller, construction of C.D. works etc. These Y!orks are carried on contract through labour coop societies or regular contractor, or through A-1 agreements or rate list depending on the quantum of work. The M.P.W rules regarding fixing of agency etc. apply to E.G.S works. The payments of these works are made through regular R.A. bills.
5.2 The account of expenditure for skilled work & unskilled work is maintained separately.
6.0 RULES
REGARDING TAKING OF MEASUREMENTS
The procedure for taking measurements, recording measurements in the M.B. is
elaborated in earlier chapters. Same rules generally apply here also.
7.0 PASSING OF MUSTERS 1 BILLS OF E.G.S
7.1 The details of Part-11 & Ill of musters are recorded in the M.B. by the J.E. and the muster & M.B. is submitted to the Sub-Division. The Dy Engineer then scrutinises the muster in his office.. He also carries out percentage check on measurements as required under M.P.W manual, before passing the muster roll. The Dy. Engineer is also supposed to check the attendance of N.M.R. to have a proper control on attendance of labourers. The Dy. Engineer is also required to exercise check on the quarry R.M.R and the roadside R.M.R depending on the amount of the bill. The roadside R.M.R is also to be cross checked by another Dy. Engineer before spreading the metal for compaction.
7.2 On completion of above formalities, the Dy. Engineer passes the N.M.R. On receipt of cash, the same is issued to the Jr. Engineer as temporary advance.
7,3 The bills are passed in the Sub Division or the Division depending on the powers to pass the bill and the payments are made to the contractor by the cheque. The cheque books for E.G.S are separate than the regular P.W.D cheque books.
8.0 DISBURSEMENT OF WAGES
8.1 The N.M.R are prepared in duplicate by putting a carbon copy. The duplicate copy of the N.M,R. is displayed in the Gram Panchayat, or Chawdi in the village, The payments are made by the J.E. in the presence of sarpanch, or members of Gram Panchayats, Patwari of the village, so that persons get identified properly. Their signatures are recorded on the muster a s witnesses. The Dy. Engineer also makes the payment himself some times when the amount of muster is quite large or as a check on the system.
8.2 The labourers are given the wage slip by J.E, indicating the period, quantity of work done, wage rate & wage amount for their proper understanding.
8.3 In any case, the wages should be paid in the presence of village level officers or local representatives, otherwise the labourers are likely to. make allegation of less payments.
9.0 INSPECTION BY VARIOUS OFFICIALS
9. 1 The legislative committee on E.G.S comprising M.L. AS Is the highest body monitoring the scheme in the state. The scheme is under overall control of the planning department. The Divisional Commissioner is responsible for overall management of E.G.S works, whereas the district collector is responsible for executing the scheme in the district with the help of implementing agencies.
9.2 The M.L.A of the area is incharge of the Taluka-coordination committee.
9.3 The local level non-officials like sarpanch, panchayat samiti & Z.P. members, are also involved in this process directly or indirectly being a public work.
9.4 Considering all these aspects, it should be perfectly borne in mind that E.G.S works being public works are more open to inspections of various Govt. officials, nonofficials. Similarly, various officials have been given definite quota for inspection of works.
9.5 It is therefore necessary that all care is taken to execute the work in a most careful manner. The most important aspect is attendance of labourers on the muster & its physical verification during inspection. Any deviation in this is viewed as malafide practice.
9.6 It should be doubly ensured that following facilities are provided to the labourers. These are also verified during inspection.
i) Display
of wage board.
ii) Shed for the labourers.
iii) Facilities for creches for the small children & lady to look after
these small children.
iv) Safe drinking water
v) First Aid box.
vi) Goggles for metal breaking labourers.
The officers issue inspection notes which are to be complied with within a reasonable time.
10.0 COMPLETION REPORT:
On completion of work as per sanctioned estimate a completion report is prepared in the prescribed proforma and submitted to the Collector through E.E. No expenditure should be incurred on this work after this report is finalised.
11.0 HANDING OVER WORK:
On completion of work, the work is to be handed over to the Z.P.in case of V.R, O.D.R, & some M.D. Rs. The handing over note is prepared & signed by the officers handing & taking over.
12.0 MACHINERY T.E.0
As explained earlier for regular works, the machinery T.E.0 should be prepared for E.G.S works also in a similar manner.
13.0 PROGRESS REPORTS:
The fortnightly & monthly progress report is to be submitted to the collector by the E.E. These proformas are filled by the J.E.& submitted to Sub-Division for onward submission. The labour attendance report are very important & submitted with promptness.
14.0 COMMON MISTAKES & PUNISHMENTS (E.G.S.)
14.1 The E.G.S work being mainly labour oriented. involves mainly properly managing the labour, their attendance twice daily, matching their output with the wages, minimum wages, etc. This really is a skillful job. Moreover, these works are subject to so many inspections. Experience has been that these works are not dealt -with in a serious manner. It is therefore necessary to knov, the areas where more attention is required. It should also be borne in mind that lapse on any account involves serious trouble for the concerned J.E. To get fully acquainted the J.E's should thoroughly read "compendium on E.G.S" and the "Sargranth - 1 & 11". (in Marathi)
14.2 Incorrect Measurement
The incorrect measurements may 1,ead to more or less quantity of work done & subsequent more or less payment. It is therefore necessary that measurements are taken correctly to denote correct length, breadth & height/ depth. Particularly, in case of banking by E/W large scale variations occur & therefore the tape measurements should be cross checked by level measurements to take timely action, for correction, if required. Many a times roads are required to be constructed through "Pandans". If true profile of ground is not recorded before start of work, serious doubts can arise about quantity of earth work done.
14.3 False Measurements 1 Attendance :
Recording false attendance on N.M.R or recording false measurements, means paying wages 1 bills for work not done, fraudulently This is a very serious offence & may lead to dismissal from service/ initiating criminal action for defrauding the Govt.
14.4 Cross Checking on Muster & Measurements
Since the J.E. remains busy with many E.G.S & regular works in his charge, he develops tendency to rely on the mustering Assistant for attendance of labourer & gangwise measurements of borrow pits. There are umpteen instances where the J.E's have suffered on such account. It is therefore necessary that the J.E. exercises check on the labour attendance frequently. They should take the measurements themselves. Similarly, the metal on R.M.R at quarry & road side should be got checked by the D.E & the road side R.M.R. cross checked b.y another D.E. Both the R.M.R's should be submitted monthly to the Sub-Division/ Division every month.
14.5 Wage Slip :
The wage slip is given to labourers for their information. However, in many cases it lias been seen that labourers complain before inspecting officers/ officials that they received less wages. In such cases trouble may arise for the J.E. therefore he should take care to furnish wage siips and also explain the wage calculated.
14.6 Payment in Absence of Local 1 Gram Panchayat Authorities 1 Delay in Payments :
Payment of muster & wages should be invariably done in presence of the local/ Gram Panchayat authorities. This ensures transparency in payments, and also lends credibility to process of payments. In case of any complaint, this helps in establishing credibility. However, non-compliance,may lead to raising doubts about the process of payment. The payments must be madewithin a fortnight's time after the date of closure of the muster In case of delay in payment complaints are made.
14.7 Non Display of Wage Board/ Duplicate Muster
If the wage board is not displayed at the work site/quarry site, the labourers may sometimes complain that they do not know the wage rate & therefore they have received less wages for more work done. In such cases unnecessary allegations may be hurled, creating an atmosphere of doubt in the minds of inspecting officials/ officers.
Same is the case with the displaying duplicate copy of muster in the G.P or Chawdi.
14.8 Allowing Unregistered Labourers
Many a times work is to be started under forced conditions like pressure of huge labour force, scarcity like conditions etc. At such times, it is likely that the unregistered labours are engaged for work. In such cases, the J.E. should take prompt action to intimate the names of all such labourers to Tahsildars for further action. This will avoid further embarassment to J.E.
14.9 Carrying out Works Beyond 10% Excess over Sanctioned Estimate
Whenever, the expenditure on work exceeds beyond 10% excess over sanctioned estimate, ft is considered an unauthorised expenditure. It is therefore necessary that, the assessment is taken when the work is completed upto 50% costmse 1 scopewise & take action for revised estimate within time. This will avoid future embarassment & facing action for incurring unauthorised expenditure.
14.10 Late Arrival & Early Departure of Labourers :
Sometimes labourers come late in the morning shift & ask for marking of attendance. Similarly, in the evening labourers particularly women also leave the work early. In both such cases, the verification of laboureres with actual attendance becomes difficult and creates a wrong impression in the minds of inspecting officers late in the day or very early in the morning. In such case the J.E. should be extra vigilant & sort out these problems with the help of Sarpanch of Gram-Panchayat.
GENERAL
1.0 GENERAL TERMINOLOGY:
1.1 N.M.R. (Nominal Muster Roll)
This is in general the attendance roll of labourers engaged on daily wages. The names of labours are written & their attendance is marked for a particular month day wise/ date wise. The work done is recorded & the abstract is worked out in Part-]I & Ill. This is then recorded in M.B. by J.E. & submitted to Sub-Division for passing. The D.L.R. called daily labour report is also forwarded to Sub-Division for information. Now the powers to engage the labourers on N.M.R vest in the S.E only & th;at too for 15 days at a time only in emergent situations.
1.2 Passing N.M.R -
The Dy. Engineer scrutinises the DLRs & the N.M.R in his office and then passes it under his signature. The passio4 endorsement is put on NMR/ DLRs/ M.B.
1.3 Temporary Advance
The Dy. Engineer withdraws cash from the bank against passed vouchers. The cash is then issued to the J.E. for payment of N.M.R wages as a 'Temporary Advance'. After payments are made the J.E. submits the account to the Dy. Engineer with disbursed & undisturbed wages @alongwith the N.M.R.
1.4 Permanent lmprest
Many a times cash is required for making petty payments for day to day small jobs/ charges etc. For this purpose a fixed amount is sanctioned to the D.E./J.E. by competent authority. As soon as the amount is spent the account is.submitted to Sub-Division/ Division & again the fixed amount gets recouped. (Refer para 6.6.8 to 12 of M.P.W.A Code for more details)
1.5 Temporary lrnprest
The concept is the same as mentioned above. However, the imprest is granted on temporary basis for meeting petty expenses done by the officer. Again on requirement, the 11. is sanctioned on demand after due satisfaction 6f the officer.
1.6 Money Receipt :
1.6.1 Triplicate Money Receipt (T.M.R.)
This is issued by the J.E. to the party concerned for money received by him, like bungalow fees, grass cutting fees etc. He issue one copy to the party, one is retained by him, & the third copy is submitted to Sub Division alongwith the cash, to receive one copy of Duplicate money receipt from the Sub-Division.
1.6.2 Duplicate Money Receipt (D.M.R.)
This is issued at the Division/ Sub-Division level for money received on account of tender fees, auction money, petty charges etc. This is also issued to J.E. whenever he remits any fees to Sub-Division through TMR.
1.6.3 Hand Receipt
This is a simple receipt on a printed form used for miscellaneous cash payment or reimbursement of petty, payments. The hand receipt should be used sparingly.
1.7 Requisition :
The requisition is a demand slip for procuring the materials for maintenancelrepairs from the authorised supplier. The requisition is prepared & signed by the J.E., countersigned by DE and approved by the EE. The requisition thus becomes order for supply of materials for supplier. The. tenders for supply of various articles generally required for maintenance/ repairs are publicly invited and the agency for supply of such items is/ are fixed. This is an annual contract. The supplies are effected through requisition order. The requisition order thus becomes the basis for payment to the supplier. The J.E. should therefore be very careful about the requisitions. The requisitions are a main source of manipulation for suppliers & therefore the J.E. should be very vigilant about requisitions.
2.0 THE KALELKAR ESTABLISHMENT OF LABOURERS:
In 1966 an agreement was reached between the Govt. and the unions representing the daily wage labourers of the department to accept the "Kaleikar award'. According to it the daily wage labourers are entitled to certain benefits on completion of a certain length of service. The establishment consists of following categories:-
a) Daily rated establishment :- This is the establishment engaged on daily wages for carrying out maintenance/ Construction work. The labouers who have completed more than 240 days service in a calendar year are entitled to certain benefits like protection under Industrial disputes Act, 10 days casual leave, 30 days earned leave in a year for minimum of 2 years completed service.
b) Converted Regular Temporary establishment (CRT) :- The persons who have completed five years of service on D. R. ibstt. are absorbed in this cadre. They have regular pay scales for the post comparable with Class Ill & IV employee as the case may be. After retirement of these persons posts at the age of 60 their posts also get abolished.
c) Converted Regular Permarent establishment. (CRP) :- This is the establishment converted from CRT to CRP after fulfilling the requisite criteria of 10 years service. They are entitled to pension, gratuity etc.
The details are given in a booklet in Marathi well known as "Kalelkar Booklet".
The J.E's are advised to go thoroughly through this book to get complete insight.
3.0 DISCONTINUATION OF LABOURER ON N.M.R (D.R. ESTT)
3.1 The labouers who have not completed 240 days of service in a ;alendar year can be removed without any notice or compensation.
· However, the labourers who have completed 240 days in i calendar year need to.be given one month's notice period. compensation etc. as laid down in Industrial Dispute Act. Para. 25 (F) & (G).
3.3
'z-o many court cases have been going on in Labour Court & Industrial Court
under the "Unfair labour practices Act " (ULP Act). It is therefore
necessary that JE's get accustomed to the provisions of I.D. Act.
MISCELLANEOUS
1.0 ENCROACHMENTS:
The encroachments generally occur on Govt. land adjoining the roads.
Such encroachments should be removed with the help of revenuelmunicipal &
police authorities & Govt. land protected.
2.0 BOMBAY HIGHWAY ACT:
This act empowers the officers of the deptt. i.e. E.E & his subordinate officer to take a7ction for removal of encroachments with the help of district/ municipal administration.
3.0 AUCTION OF FRUIT BEARING TREES and GRASS The fruit bearing trees & grass along road side on Govt. land should be protected properly. Every year auction should be held for sale of fruits & grass. The money realised should be credited to revenue of the deptt.
4.0 DISMANTLED MATERIAL ACCOUNT
The useful
materials obtained from dismantling of the old structures like culverts,
bridges, buildings should be taken on record in a register called the
dismantled material account", Proper Alc of this sho@ld be maintained. The
material should then be disposed off by auction & cost credited to revenue
or issue to new work if required.
Before dismantling any old building permission of the competent authority
should be obtained for dismantling & to write off the structure from P.R.B
as laid down in the M.P.W manual para. 377.
5.0 OCCUPATION
& VACANCY OF GOVT. BUILDING
The Govt. employee occupies the Govt. accommodation on allotment to him.
The rules regarding this are given in appendix. 33 of M.P.W manual. The J.E's
incharge of building section should be vigilant about this. Many a times
occupant vacates the accommodation without payment of electrical, water charges
etc. The occupation and vacancy report of the incumbent should be checked
properly
6.0 RESERVATION
FOR CIRCUIT HOUSEIREST HOUSES:
These are generally issued from the Division or SubDivision office. The J.E.
should see that as far as possible the C.H/ R.H is not occupied without valid
reservations.
7.0 CARETAKER / KHANSAMA
They are
poste'd to C. H /R. H to manage day to day affairs regarding accommodation
& dining arrangements. It should be seen that occupation charges are
correctly recovered and paid into Sub Division Office by the Khansma 1
Chowkidar or J. E. The bills of services during the stay are also paid by the
occupant.
The general cleanliness, tidiness of the building, rooms, upholstry, furniture,
drapery etc. should be maintained properly.
Decency & courtesy must be observed in dealing with all occupants and more
particularly during the visits of VIP, WiPs & the dignitaries.
8.0 PROPER UP KEEP & CLEANLINESS
It is very important that the up keep of R.H / C.H is proper. It should be clean, neat & tidy. All the rooms, furniture, carpets, drapery, bed sheets, towels, utencils should be properly washed & clean. The toilets are to be clean & odourless. Proper arrangements for water in toilets should be available. The staff is to be properly dressed. The behaviour of staff should be gentle & courteous.
9.0 INVENTORY OF BUNGALOW FURNITURE, CROCKERY & FIXTURES
The R.H./C.H. requires both perishable & non perishable items & consumables for its running. Therefore, large no. of items are purchased as per requirement. All these items like crockery, furniture, drapery, furnishings are to be taken on record promptly. These items get unservice able in due course. These items should be properly surveyed & survey report prepared for further inspection & sanction from the competent authority. These materials should then be destroyed/ disposed & written off from the record as per procedure.
Large no. of monetary recoveries are going on from J.Es /Caretaker/ Khansama owing to non-compliance of this procedure.
10.0 MISUSE OF R.H 1 C.H
The efforts should be made to avoid unauthorised occupation & use of R.H/C.H. Many a times some organisation/ parties insist on holding their meetings/ lunches etc. in the R.H/C.H premises. It should not be allowed. Functions connected with marriage ceremonies etc. are also to be avoided in the R.H. premises.
11.0 LAND ACQUISITION :
The land acquisition is to be done for roads, bridge approaches, Govt. buildings, etc. from the private parties. The proceedings are to be initiated by the acquiring body i.e. P.W.D. For this purpose L.A. proposal is required to be prepared & forwarded to Collector for starting procedure of L.A. under land acquisition Act.
The -L.A. proposals are required to be prepared by the J.E. He should get himself acquainted with the contents of the L.A. procedure.
12.0 ACQUIRING FOREST LAND (FOREST CONSERVATION ACT):
12.1 Many times for P.W.D projects, the forest land needs to be acquired. For acquiring forest land proposals are to be framed as per provisions of Forest Conservation Act, and forwarded by E.E. to the concerned D.F.O. Generally the non-forest land equal to twice the area of forest land proposed to be used for non-forest purpose is required to be given to the forest deptt from the revenue land for afforestation. The acquisition of land from the forest is very difficult task.
12.2 While working in forest area, lot of difficulties are faced particularly extraction of road side material, quarry materials, cutting of trees/ branches etc. The provisions of F.C. Act are stringent. It is therefore necessary that the act is studied properly in general and proper acquisition proposals initiated in time.
12.3 It should be remembered that the forest conservation act has been enacted to protect the environment in the interest of humanity. It is therefore advisable to follow its provisions and co-operate with the forest officials.
13.0 THEFT
OF GOVT. PROPERTY / ARTICLES
Any theft of Govt. property is to be immediately brought to the notice of
higher officers. Similarly, action to lodge the complaint with the police is
also to be taken.
(For details refer para 419 of M.P.W Manual)
14.0 FIXING OF BUILDING RENT:
The cases of fixing of rent for private building occupied for Govt. offices are referred to the E.E. for issue of "reasonable rent certificate". The case is forwarded to Sub-Division for verification & working of the rent. The J.E. is responsible for taking exact measurements and working out rent as per the guidelines prescribed in the specific proforma. The D.E also checks the contents of J.E's report. The year of construction, construction material, construction method etc. should be properly verified on site. Based on this report, the Division issues the certificate after due verification.
1.5.0 ACCIDENT REPORTING
Sometimes accidents happen on site of work involving injuries to persons, deaths, loss of property etc. Such instances should be immediately brought to notice of higher officers. Similarly, action should be initiated to mobilise support of relief/ rescue from local police/ revenue officers. The efforts should be made to give medical treatment at the earliest. The detailed reporting should follow later on.
16.0 REVISED ESTIMATES (R.E.)
Revised estimates are required to be prepared when the expenditure over the sanctioned estimates is likely to exceed above 10% of sanctioned cost. The expenditure beyond this limit should be incurred when the superior officers permit. It is generally seen that there is reluctance and delay in preparing 4he R.E. The preparation of R.E. should be started as soon as it is expected that the expenditure is likely to cross 10% limit due to higher tenders, extra scope, subsequent additions, etc.
SERVICE MATTERS
1.0 DEPARTMENTAL EXAMINATION
The J.E. is required to pass the departmental examination within 3 ye2rs from the date of appointment, failing which his increments 1 Efficiency bar crossing & confirmation are with held. The examination is held every year by the Engineering staff college, Nashik in the month of Oct-Nov. The J.E. should be watchful and see that he passes the examination in three years time. The.ruies are given in Appendix-1 of the M.P.W. manua.
2.0 ROTATION POLICY FOR TRANSFER & POSTING OF JR. ENGINEERS :
The J. E. is entitled to stay for 1 0 years & the A. E. Gr. 1 1 Sectional Engineer for 5 years within a district as per administrative convenience. However, department has formulated a policy of rotation in all branches so that the person gets experience of working in all branches like road projects, maintenance, construction, office work etc. The J.E./ A.E. (Gr. 11) can be given one posting for 3 years, after which he is required to be shifted to other branch as per rotation policy.
3,0 TRAINING BY V.Q.C. ORGANISATION
Various training programmes are held.by the V.Q. Circle for Junior Engineers. He is required to attend these trainings as per the orders from time to time. He has to undergo the refresher course after every 3 years.
4.0 NATURE OF LAPSES
The working of P.WD is concerned with expenditure on works to 1 create durable assets. The J.E. is the first technical officer who supervises work,directly, takes & records measurements. It is likely that due to lack of knowledge of rules, regulations and procedures, he gets caught on a wrong footing. Similarly, some deliberate act of violation of rules may also lead to serious problems. The general nature of lapses is as below -
i) Recording
false measurements in M.B.
ii) Negligence & dereliction of duty.
iii) Misappropriation of Govt. money, materials.
iv) Unauthorised aid to the contractor.
v) Non compliance of rules & regulations.
vi) Allowing & accepting inferior quality of work /supply.
vii) Negligence in testing of construction materials brought on work site.
viii) Laxity in supervision of work.
ix) Non maintenance of site & office record.
5.0 DISCIPLINE & APPEAL RULES (1979)
The enquiries are initiated against erring/ defaulting officers, on the basis of preliminary report. Charge sheets are framed & served under the powers vested under these rules. The punishments are of two types.
1. Major Punishment :- Includes reversion, dismissal, stoppage of permanent increment, recovery of cost.
2. Minor Punishment :- Censure, recovery of cost, stopping of increment for some years.
6.0 ASSETS & LIABILITIES STATEMENT :
Every five years the Govt. officers are required to submit the assets & liabilities statement regarding their fixed & movable assets.
The timely and correct information exchange is the basis of efficient & successful working.
The J.E's should correspond with their officers frequently whenever such need arises. He should bring on record all the events, difficulties, reasons for taking action in a particular situation, so as to form a basis for record for future reference.
Many a times innocent peopie,have suffered owing to lack of effective correspondence or absence of correspondence.
8.0 HANDING OVER/ TAKING OVER
Whenever the J.E is transferred, he is required to hand over charge to the person joining in his place. He has to carefully prepare his handing over note giving details of work, works in progress, R.M.R, M.S.A, S & M instruments, T & P, building/ bridge/ road records, Q.C.records, list of M.Bs, field book, level book, requisition books, note book, etc. He should see that all M.Bs are returned to the Sub-Di\gsion for issue to the new person. The reference to form 569 which is used by Dy. Engineer should be used as guide lines for handing or taking over. The person taking over has to report any shortage in materials or any other thing within 3 months of taking over, otherwise he becomes responsible for the shortages.
9.0 DUPLICATE SERVICE BOOK
The service record of a J.E. is maintained in service book maintained in Division Office. The copy of this service book known as duplicate service book is given to the J.E. by the E.E. The J.E. should see that all the entries like transfers, leave, increment of pay etc. are properly recorded in the duplicate service book by the division office. If this'book is incomplete, then the problems arise at the time of deciding the pension.
APPENDIX
Important
References for Guidance
(Administration)
1.
M.C.S. Rules, 1981. Vol. 1 to Vill@
2. M.C.S. Rules, (Discipline & Appeal) 197b.
3. M.C.S. Rules (Conduct), 1979.
4. Manual on Departmental Enquiry- 1991. (Fourth Edition).
5. Maharashtra Treasury Rules, 1968.
6. Contingent Expenditure Rules, 1968.
7. Workmen's Compensation Act, 1971.
8. Industrial Disputes Act, 1971.
9. Minimum Wages Act.
10. Migrant Worker Act.
11. Book on Kalelkar Settlement - 7-68. (in Marathi)
12. Bombay Highway Act, 1984.
(General and Technical)
1. Maharashtra Public Works Manual - 1984.
2. Maharashtra Public Works Account Code - 90.
3. Standard Specification Vol. 1 & 11 1978.
4. Introduction on maintenance of roads (Marathi).
5. Introduction for maintenance of building, 1991.
6. Report of Study Group for review of norms for maintenance and repairs of
building.
7. M.0.S.T. specification for road and bridge works, 1995.
8. E.G.S.-4 Compendium of orders, 1981.
9. "ROHAYO SARGRANTH " BHAG -1, 1990 (IN MARATHI).
10. I.R.C.37 - Guideline for design of flexible pavement.
11. I.R.C .81 - Tentative guidelines for strengthening of flexible road pavements
using Benklman Deflection .Technique.
12. Hand book for R.C. Members - Vol. 1 & 11.
13. IS 10262 - Recommended guidelines for Concrete mix design.
14. 10- 456 - Plain & R.C. Concrete.
15. Land Acquisition Act.
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1 Comments
Appreceable efforts,very useful imformation for refreshing. Pl.pulish Ref.GR,Circulars and ref.Books which given in this blog.
ReplyDeleteIf you have any doubts, suggestions , corrections etc. let me know