MCQ Irrigation Engineering

MCQ Irrigation Engineering

Q1. The duty of water is defined as:

Area irrigated per cumec of discharge Water required per hectare Volume of water per day None of the above

Q2. The base period is:

Total growing period of a crop Time between sowing and harvesting Period during which irrigation is supplied Time to refill canals

Q3. Kor watering refers to:

First watering before sowing First watering after sowing Last watering before harvesting Watering to remove salts

Q4. Canal outlets are also known as:

Falls Escapes Modules Weirs

Q5. Delta of a crop is the:

Total depth of water required by the crop during base period Height of embankment Area covered per cumec None of these

Q6. A cross regulator is used in a canal system to:

Measure discharge Regulate water level and flow upstream Remove silt Control evaporation

Q7. A gravity dam resists external forces mainly by:

Weight of the structure Arch action Buttress action Pile foundation

Q8. The ratio of velocity head to pressure head in a Venturi flume is:

1:1 2:1 1:2 3:1

Q9. A canal fall is provided to:

Remove sediment Raise water level Absorb surplus discharge Provide a drop in bed level

Q10. Which of the following irrigation methods is best suited for saline soils?

Surface irrigation Drip irrigation Sprinkler irrigation Flood irrigation

Q11. The most suitable dam for a narrow deep gorge is:

Gravity dam Arch dam Earth dam Rockfill dam

Q12. The correct relation for duty (D), delta (Δ), and base period (B) is:

Δ = 8.64 B / D D = 8.64 Δ / B B = 8.64 D / Δ None of these

Q13. The major cause of waterlogging in command areas is:

Excessive rainfall Poor surface drainage Seepage from canals Heavy cropping

Q14. A canal aligned at right angles to contour lines is called:

Ridge canal Contour canal Side slope canal Cross slope canal

Q15. The best method of irrigation for row crops like sugarcane is:

Check basin irrigation Furrow irrigation Drip irrigation Sprinkler irrigation

Q16. The process of applying water by breaking it into droplets is known as:

Surface irrigation Sprinkler irrigation Drip irrigation Border irrigation

Q17. The water required for raising a crop is known as:

Consumptive use Delta Evapotranspiration Base period

Q18. The outlet which maintains a constant discharge irrespective of canal fluctuations is:

Non-modular outlet Semi-modular outlet Modular outlet Proportional outlet

Q19. An ogee spillway is suitable for:

Earthen dams Gravity dams Arch dams Rockfill dams

Q20. The irrigation efficiency for surface irrigation systems is typically:

25–30% 40–50% 60–70% 85–90%

Q21. The ratio of gross commanded area (GCA) to cultural commanded area (CCA) is called:

Intensity of irrigation Crop ratio Irrigation efficiency Irrigation factor

Q22. The hydrograph represents:

Rainfall distribution over area Runoff discharge with time Percolation losses Evaporation losses

Q23. The canal alignment laid parallel to contours is known as:

Ridge canal Contour canal Side slope canal Perennial canal

Q24. The structure used to dispose excess water from a reservoir is:

Cross regulator Fall Spillway Escape

Q25. For estimating peak flood discharge for a small catchment, the most suitable method is:

Rational method Unit hydrograph method SCS method Empirical formula

Q26. Evapotranspiration includes:

Only evaporation from water surfaces Evaporation plus plant transpiration Deep percolation losses Losses from seepage only

Q27. The best soil for constructing an earthen dam is:

Coarse sand Silty clay Gravel Loamy soil

Q28. Which type of canal is preferred for controlling waterlogging?

Perennial canal Non-perennial canal Lined canal Contour canal

Q29. The discharge through a fully submerged orifice is proportional to:

H H^1/2 H^3/2 H²

Q30. An irrigation outlet providing a fixed discharge independent of water levels is called:

Non-modular outlet Semi-modular outlet Modular outlet Proportional outlet

Q31. The main function of a canal fall is to:

Measure water discharge Provide storage for irrigation Lower the water level in a canal Distribute water to fields

Q32. The most effective method of irrigation for water-scarce areas is:

Surface irrigation Drip irrigation Sprinkler irrigation Border strip irrigation

Q33. The ratio of average depth of water stored to the depth of water lost due to evaporation and seepage in a reservoir is:

Storage coefficient Reservoir efficiency Seepage efficiency Runoff coefficient

Q34. A diversion headworks built across a river serves to:

Store flood water Increase river flow Divert water into canals Measure evaporation

Q35. The unit of irrigation delta is:

Cumecs Hectares Centimeters Cubic meters

Q36. The rate at which water is supplied to the crops is called:

Duty Delta Crop factor Base period

Q37. The most efficient surface irrigation method is:

Furrow irrigation Check basin irrigation Border strip irrigation Free flooding

Q38. The ratio of water stored in the root zone to water applied at the field is:

Application efficiency Conveyance efficiency Storage efficiency Distribution efficiency

Q39. Which one is not a type of cross drainage work?

Aqueduct Super passage Syphon aqueduct Barrage

Q40. The unit of measurement for duty is:

Cumec per hectare Hectares per cumec Cubic meters Centimeters

Q41. A cross regulator in a canal system is used to:

Measure discharge Divert water into distributaries Control water levels upstream Drain excess water

Q42. The method of supplying water to crops by lifting from a well using buckets is called:

Lift irrigation Surface irrigation Canal irrigation Well irrigation

Q43. The average annual rainfall over India is about:

100 cm 120 cm 150 cm 200 cm

Q44. The permissible velocity of flow in earthen channels is limited to avoid:

Silt deposition Weed growth Erosion of bed and banks Seepage losses

Q45. The factor accounting for water losses during conveyance is:

Application efficiency Conveyance efficiency Storage efficiency Water use efficiency

Q46. Which dam type is most suitable for narrow gorges with sound rock foundations?

Earth dam Gravity dam Arch dam Rockfill dam

Q47. The relationship between duty (D), delta (Δ) and base period (B) is:

Δ = (8.64 × B) / D D = (8.64 × Δ) / B B = (D × Δ) / 8.64 None of these

Q48. The gross command area is:

The total area served by a canal system Area under crop Irrigated field area only Area excluding forests

Q49. The stream gauging method suitable for turbulent mountain streams is:

Float method Pitot tube method Area-velocity method Weir method

Q50. An irrigation outlet discharging water proportional to the distributary discharge is:

Modular outlet Semi-modular outlet Non-modular outlet Proportional outlet

Q51. A syphon aqueduct is preferred when:

Drain runs over canal Canal runs over drain Canal and drain meet at same level None of the above

Q52. The water allowance for a crop depends mainly upon:

Canal discharge Crop type and soil type Number of canals Reservoir capacity

Q53. The water requirement for a paddy crop is generally:

1200–1800 mm 800–1000 mm 300–500 mm 500–700 mm

Q54. Canal escapes are structures built to:

Divert excess water to natural drains Control sediment entry Prevent weed growth Supply water to villages

Q55. The term ‘Kor period’ in irrigation denotes:

Harvesting stage Early growth period Maturity period Water surplus period

Q56. The sediment removal structure on a canal head regulator is called:

Canal fall Silt ejector Canal escape Escape regulator

Q57. The main cause of waterlogging is:

Excessive rainfall Poor drainage Deep wells Droughts

Q58. The most suitable canal lining material for high seepage soils is:

Clay lining Brick lining Concrete lining Earthen lining

Q59. The useful storage capacity of a reservoir is the volume between:

Full reservoir level and dead storage Full reservoir level and top of dam Maximum flood level and full reservoir level Dead storage and sill level

Q60. In lift irrigation systems, water is raised using:

Gravity Pumps or mechanical devices Canal escapes Natural seepage

Q61. The main objective of providing a canal fall is to:

Measure discharge Regulate silt Reduce bed slope Divert water

Q62. Which one is a non-modular outlet?

Gibb’s module Kennedy’s gauge outlet Crump module Open flume outlet

Q63. The correct formula for calculating delta (Δ) in cm is:

Δ = (Duty × Base period) / 8.64 Δ = (8.64 × Base period) / Duty Δ = (Duty + Base period) × 8.64 Δ = (Base period × 864) / Duty

Q64. In cross drainage works, a super passage is where:

Canal runs over the drain Drain runs over the canal Canal and drain meet None of the above

Q65. In which irrigation method is water applied below the soil surface?

Surface irrigation Subsurface irrigation Drip irrigation Sprinkler irrigation

Q66. The duty of water is generally expressed in:

Cumec Ha/cumec Mm Liters per second

Q67. The outlet discharging fixed discharge irrespective of canal water levels is called:

Non-modular outlet Modular outlet Semi-modular outlet Venturi flume

Q68. Sprinkler irrigation is most suitable for:

Paddy Wheat Pulses Orchards

Q69. The command area where irrigation is assured in all seasons is called:

Gross command area Culturable commanded area Intensity of irrigation area Permanent irrigated area

Q70. In canal irrigation, the most significant type of water loss is by:

Seepage Evaporation Transpiration Theft

Q71. The ratio of the area irrigated in a base period to the base period itself is called:

Delta Duty Base period ratio Crop period

Q72. Which type of cross-drainage work is provided when the canal is carried over the drain?

Super passage Aqueduct Level crossing Canal regulator

Q73. Permanent water-logging can be effectively controlled by:

Deep wells Surface drains Canal escapes Subsurface drainage

Q74. The term ‘time factor’ in water management is associated with:

Seepage losses Crop yield Frequency of irrigation Storage capacity

Q75. The method of irrigation most suitable for uneven terrain is:

Check basin irrigation Sprinkler irrigation Furrow irrigation Free flooding

Q76. When canal and drain cross each other at the same level, which structure is used?

Aqueduct Level crossing Syphon aqueduct Super passage

Q77. For paddy crop, the kor period generally occurs:

In the middle stage At harvesting stage In early growth period After maturity

Q78. Which one of these methods provides water directly to the root zone?

Border strip irrigation Subsurface irrigation Free flooding Sprinkler irrigation

Q79. The depth of water supplied to a crop per base period is called:

Duty Delta Base period Intensity of irrigation

Q80. The ratio of dead storage to gross storage in a reservoir is usually:

0.1 to 0.25 0.25 to 0.50 0.5 to 0.75 0.75 to 1.0

Q81. The structure provided to dispose surplus water from a reservoir is called:

Canal head regulator Escape Aqueduct Spillway

Q82. Which of the following irrigation methods achieves highest application efficiency?

Border strip irrigation Furrow irrigation Drip irrigation Sprinkler irrigation

Q83. Which of the following is a controlled cross drainage work?

Syphon aqueduct Super passage Level crossing Escape

Q84. An irrigation outlet with proportional discharge to water level in the distributary is:

Modular outlet Semi-modular outlet Non-modular outlet Pipe escape

Q85. Which device measures discharge by flow constriction and head measurement?

Notch Venturi flume Kennedy gauge Cross regulator

Q86. The ratio of the depth of water to the depth of root zone is known as:

Irrigation efficiency Irrigation ratio Depth ratio Duty

Q87. The ratio of total irrigated area to cultivable commanded area is called:

Intensity of irrigation Duty Gross command ratio Delta

Q88. Which parameter is not used while designing an aqueduct?

Drainage discharge Canal full supply level Crop water requirement Canal bed width

Q89. The portion of reservoir capacity that can’t be used under normal conditions is:

Dead storage Live storage Gross storage Useful storage

Q90. What is the main cause of waterlogging in canal irrigated areas?

Excessive pumping Over-irrigation Low intensity of irrigation High cropping intensity

Q91. In a storage reservoir, the difference between gross storage and dead storage is:

Live storage Useful storage Minimum drawdown level Conservation storage

Q92. The outlet in a canal that is not affected by water levels in both canal and watercourse is:

Non-modular outlet Semi-modular outlet Modular outlet Adjustable outlet

Q93. The curve plotted between discharge and time at a point on a stream is called:

Flow mass curve Hydrograph Stage-discharge curve Seepage curve

Q94. The crest level of a canal escape is kept:

At full supply level of canal At canal bed level Below canal bed level At downstream water level

Q95. Which factor affects the duty of water most?

Climate Type of crop Soil type All of the above

Q96. A river training work used to confine flow within a definite channel is:

Spurs Guide banks Groynes Weir

Q97. Gravity dams are most suitable for:

Narrow valleys Wide valleys Deep gorges Rocky terrain only

Q98. A ‘paddy field’ typically requires:

Flood irrigation Furrow irrigation Drip irrigation Sprinkler irrigation

Q99. Which of the following is a non-modular outlet?

Gibb’s module Kennedy’s module Open flume outlet Pipe outlet

Q100. A weir constructed to raise water level for diversion into canal is:

Storage weir Diversion weir Control weir Spillway weir