MCQ Hydrology

MCQ Hydrology

Q1. The process of water entering the soil surface is known as:

Evaporation Percolation Infiltration Runoff

Q2. The unit of rainfall intensity is typically expressed in:

m³/s mm/hr m/s mm/day

Q3. A hydrograph represents the variation of which parameter with time?

Rainfall Infiltration Discharge Evaporation

Q4. The infiltration capacity of soil generally decreases with:

Increase in rainfall intensity Increase in infiltration rate Increase in time of rainfall Decrease in rainfall

Q5. The stage-discharge relationship in a river is termed as:

Isohyet Rating Curve Hyetograph Flow curve

Q6. The rainfall excess or effective rainfall is the rainfall available for:

Infiltration Evaporation Surface Runoff Interception

Q7. The runoff coefficient is defined as the ratio of:

Rainfall/Runoff Runoff/Rainfall Discharge/Area Infiltration/Runoff

Q8. The mass curve of rainfall is a plot of:

Cumulative rainfall vs. time Rainfall intensity vs. time Rainfall vs. frequency Rainfall vs. duration

Q9. The unit of surface runoff is generally expressed in:

mm/hr m³/s mm/day m²/s

Q10. Which one of the following is a non-recording type rain gauge?

Tipping bucket Symons gauge Weighing bucket Float type

Q11. The time taken by a drop of water to travel from the most distant point in a basin to the outlet is called:

Time of concentration Lag time Base time Peak time

Q12. The area between the rainfall hyetograph and infiltration curve represents:

Rainfall excess Runoff loss Infiltration loss Total precipitation

Q13. Unit hydrograph is based on the assumption of:

Linear response Non-linear response Non-uniform rainfall None of these

Q14. The hyetograph is a plot of:

Rainfall intensity vs. time Cumulative rainfall vs. time Discharge vs. time Water level vs. time

Q15. The standard non-recording rain gauge used in India is:

Symons gauge Tipping bucket Weighing bucket Float type

Q16. The process by which water moves through the soil to the groundwater is called:

Infiltration Percolation Evapotranspiration Surface Runoff

Q17. The Rational Method is used to estimate:

Peak runoff rate Total runoff volume Infiltration rate Evaporation rate

Q18. The term 'base flow' in a hydrograph refers to:

Peak discharge Groundwater contribution to streamflow Surface runoff Rainfall intensity

Q19. An isohyet is a line connecting points of:

Equal rainfall Equal discharge Equal infiltration Equal evaporation

Q20. The SCS Curve Number method is used to estimate:

Infiltration rate Runoff volume Peak discharge Evapotranspiration

Q21. The term 'evapotranspiration' refers to:

Water loss from soil only Water loss from plants and soil Water loss from open water surfaces Water loss due to runoff

Q22. The time from the centroid of rainfall to the peak of the hydrograph is called:

Time of concentration Lag time Base time Peak time

Q23. The Horton’s infiltration equation describes:

Constant infiltration rate Decreasing infiltration rate over time Increasing infiltration rate over time Linear runoff rate

Q24. A Thiessen polygon method is used to:

Estimate average rainfall over an area Calculate peak discharge Measure infiltration rate Determine evapotranspiration

Q25. The term 'interception' in hydrology refers to:

Water absorbed by soil Water captured by vegetation Water stored in groundwater Water lost to runoff

Q26. The Muskingum method is used for:

Rainfall intensity estimation Flood routing Infiltration measurement Evapotranspiration calculation

Q27. The term 'return period' in hydrology refers to:

Time taken for water to return to the sea Average time between occurrences of an event Time for groundwater recharge Time for peak discharge

Q28. The double mass curve technique is used to check:

Consistency of rainfall data Runoff volume Infiltration rate Peak discharge

Q29. The term 'specific yield' in groundwater hydrology refers to:

Total volume of water in an aquifer Volume of water released per unit volume of aquifer Volume of water retained in the aquifer Rate of groundwater flow

Q30. The Darcy’s law is used to calculate:

Surface runoff Groundwater flow Rainfall intensity Evapotranspiration

Q31. The term 'aquifer' refers to:

A layer of impermeable rock A layer that stores and transmits water A surface water reservoir A zone of surface runoff

Q32. The process of water vapor turning into liquid water on the ground surface is called:

Condensation Precipitation Evaporation Infiltration

Q33. The term 'watershed' is synonymous with:

Aquifer Catchment area Reservoir Floodplain

Q34. The Penman-Monteith equation is used to estimate:

Surface runoff Evapotranspiration Infiltration rate Groundwater flow

Q35. The term 'porosity' in hydrology refers to:

The ability of soil to transmit water The volume of voids in a soil or rock The rate of groundwater flow The amount of water retained in soil

Q36. The term 'hydraulic conductivity' refers to:

The volume of water stored in soil The ease with which water moves through soil The rate of surface runoff The rate of evaporation

Q37. The term 'transmissivity' in groundwater hydrology is defined as:

The rate of surface water flow The ability of an aquifer to transmit water The volume of water in an aquifer The rate of infiltration

Q38. The time base of a hydrograph is:

The time from peak to end of runoff The total duration of direct runoff The time to peak discharge The time of rainfall duration

Q39. The term 'specific retention' refers to:

Water released from an aquifer Water held against gravity in an aquifer Water lost to evaporation Water stored in surface reservoirs

Q40. The intensity-duration-frequency (IDF) curve is used to:

Estimate groundwater recharge Design drainage systems Calculate evapotranspiration Measure aquifer storage

Q41. The term 'field capacity' in hydrology refers to:

The maximum water a soil can hold against gravity The total water content in an aquifer The rate of surface runoff The amount of water lost to evaporation

Q42. The term 'hydrograph separation' is used to:

Separate base flow from direct runoff Calculate rainfall intensity Measure infiltration rate Estimate evapotranspiration

Q43. The term 'capillary fringe' refers to:

The zone above the water table where water is held by capillary forces The impermeable layer below an aquifer The surface runoff zone The zone of maximum groundwater flow

Q44. The term 'stage' in hydrology refers to:

The volume of water in a river The water level in a river The rate of groundwater flow The rainfall intensity

Q45. The term 'infiltration index' is used to:

Estimate average infiltration rate during a storm Calculate peak discharge Measure groundwater recharge Determine evapotranspiration

Q46. The term 'bank storage' in hydrology refers to:

Water stored in riverbanks during high flows Water stored in aquifers Water lost to evaporation Water retained in soil

Q47. The term 'synthetic unit hydrograph' is used to:

Estimate runoff for ungauged watersheds Measure rainfall intensity Calculate infiltration rate Determine groundwater flow

Q48. The term 'water table' refers to:

The surface of a river The boundary between saturated and unsaturated zones The impermeable layer below an aquifer The zone of surface runoff

Q49. The term 'evaporation pan' is used to:

Measure rainfall intensity Estimate evaporation from open water Calculate infiltration rate Determine groundwater recharge

Q50. The term 'runoff curve number' is associated with:

Estimating peak discharge Estimating runoff volume Measuring rainfall intensity Calculating evapotranspiration

Q51. The term 'confined aquifer' refers to:

An aquifer open to the atmosphere An aquifer bounded by impermeable layers An aquifer with no water storage An aquifer with surface runoff

Q52. The term 'hyetograph' is used to represent:

Cumulative rainfall over time Rainfall intensity over time Discharge over time Evapotranspiration over time

Q53. The term 'overland flow' refers to:

Water flowing through an aquifer Water flowing over the ground surface Water stored in soil pores Water lost to evaporation

Q54. The term 'unit hydrograph duration' refers to:

The time of peak discharge The duration of effective rainfall producing the hydrograph The total time of runoff The time of groundwater flow

Q55. The term 'specific storage' in groundwater hydrology refers to:

The volume of water stored in an aquifer The volume of water released per unit volume per unit pressure change The rate of groundwater flow The rate of surface runoff

Q56. The term 'depression storage' refers to:

Water stored in aquifers Water held in small surface depressions Water lost to groundwater Water stored in reservoirs

Q57. The term 'streamflow' refers to:

Water flowing through the soil Water flowing in a river or stream Water stored in an aquifer Water lost to evaporation

Q58. The term 'isohyetal method' is used to:

Estimate average rainfall over an area Calculate peak discharge Measure infiltration rate Determine groundwater flow

Q59. The term 'recession curve' in a hydrograph represents:

The rising limb of the hydrograph The falling limb after peak discharge The base flow component The peak discharge point